Navaids in Aviation :: essays research papers

How would pilots ever get around so easily without the divine service of navigation aides? Navigational aides have been around for almost as long as aircraft have been flying in the skies above us. The prime(prenominal) navigation system was composted of just a high intensity-flashing beacon. These beacons were placed on the flight routes that were popularly flown in the mid 1920s. With more time more of these technologies that function us navigate the world will be even simpler than today. This paper will explain how some navigational aides work and how some of them came into existence. race Management SystemsFlight management systems are one of the best navaids in commercial aviation. The flight management system (FMS) is made up of four systems in an aircraft, the FMC (flight management computer), the autopilot and flight director, the auto throttle, and the IRSs. According to Boeing the FMS could be defined as, being capable of four dimensional area navigation (latitude, long itude, altitude, and time), while optimizing instruction execution to achieve the most economical flight possible. The flight management system can give you gross weight of the aircraft, and the best speeds (i.e. holding, approach, climb, cruise, descent, etc) by taking inputs from the burn down summation unit when it is given the zero fuel weight and the MACTOW (mean aerodynamic cord at takeoff weight). The position of the aircraft can also be set by referencing the IRS, along with GPS and the radio position updating. Global Positioning SystemsGPS is a navigational aid that is broadcast based. It is made up of a network of 24 satellites in orbit around the world. The first satellite was launched in 1978 and the last was put into orbit in 1994. Every 10 years another satellite is put into orbit because each satellite is made to last that amount of time. The system began as a military application save in the 1980s the government decided to make it available to everyone, anywhere, anytime. The system finds your position by measuring the time it takes to receive the signal back to the satellite. It then does that with other satellites to split your position in relation to the earth. To calculate a position in 2D the system has to be locked on to at least three satellites, but for a 3D representation you need to be locked on to at least 4 satellites. Once the position is found the GPS can calculate practically more info like speed, bearing, track, distance, etc The GPS system is very accurate Garmin (a leader in GPS technology) states that their newest receiver is accurate up to an average of 15 meters.

Gladiator Essay -- essays papers

Gladiator Directed by Ridley Scott, Gladiator is an epic tarradiddle of honor, love, loyalty and power. If you could only see two movies a year make Gladiator one of them. It is full of action, adventure, drama, deceit and love.Russell Crowe plays the Roman General, Maximus, who heads the Roman Army in their conquers of Europe and Africa under the emperor Marcus Aurelius. Maximus has served Rome for two years, 264 days and this morning, and is anxiously awaiting his release by the emperor so that he may go property and be with his dearly missed wife and son.But Maximus is more than a general to Aurelius, he is the son he should of had and the needed successor to the emperor. Aurelius has known that his square(a) son, the devious, cold, and twisted Commodus, played by Joaqui...

Aviation Weather Delays :: essays research papers

atmospheric condition Delays. We seem to have heard so much more than astir(predicate) them in recent years. Is the weathergetting worse? Are the newer planes less able to stand the rough weather than the planes of thepast? Maybe travelers just complain more What is the priming for the 70% addition in flightdelays and 23% increase in cancellations blamed on the weather since 1978? Are the airlines justusing weather as a catch all to cover other problems and keep themselves covered under thestatemeant you cant control the weather. I will crusade to answer these questions along with afew others in this report but, the question that cannot be escaped from beginning to the end seemsto be Is the weathe rreally that bad?Lets start with why have the flight delays increased so much since 1978.It all seemed like agood idea at the time, and for many, it still is maven of a short list of good ideas to come from theFederal Government Airline Deregulation . This allowed for more competio n between airlines inmore ways than forever before not only could they compete for customers on strictly a customerservice stand point but also for the price of fares and the number flights offered to the morepopular destinations. Up until this DEREGULATION, the Federal Government through theDepartment of Transportation strictltly controlled the amount of flights an airline could scheduleand the amount they could charge for these flights. Weather or any other problem could onlyhave a limited effect on the flight schedule as only about unitary third as many flights werescheduled then as are scheduled today? Then what is considered by many to be one of a long listof oversights by The Federal Government nothing was done to the air traffic control system toaccount for the inevitable increase in passengers and flights scheduled. Much of the U.S.AirTraffic Control System was then and is straightway operating on World War II era technology with roughlyof the updates coming only as nee ded to accommodate either the Cold War or NASA. Sometwenty-two years latter the inevitable is now upon us .Consider this in the year ofderegulation(1978) there were 250 million passengers carried by the US airlines in 1999 thisnumber topped 650 million. All other factors being equal this would expiry in more passengersbeing delayed or canceled just by the growth of travel.Why does the older equipment cause so many problems ?The main reason is system overloadwith no more flexibility available in the system.

Technology - Digital Video and Copyright Fair Use Essay -- Exploratory

Digital Video and Copyright Fair UseAbstract Video is one of the most compelling forms of communication of this time. Over the course of the past few years, the gradual but sure drift from analog to digital in video engineering science has not yet improved the abilities of visual communication media to distribute data, but has also improved their abilities to manipulate the data that they distribute. Digital video technology has advanced to the extent that fluent image manipulation has been usurped by more powerful technological developments that allow elements of a video image to be manipulated in real-time. That is, objects or persons in a video image can be edited out or edited in while the image is in broadcast without the slightest glitch to stir that some change has occurred everything would look real. The advantages that this technology opens for visual media are extensive. Similar to some technologies, however, it opens up an exploitive edge. Pixels are plastic (can be changed) and using them to wind or manipulate reality is an opportunity open to all users of video manipulation tools. The ethics of such uses and the social considerations of how copyright laws would deal with a technology which manipulates digital works of authorship, works to which copyright automatically attaches, are issues worth considering. This paper explores the possible and actual, reputable and less reputable uses of this technology in an get down to stimulate discussions about how well-intended technologies can be utilized by users in unethical and harmful ways. The paper also attempts to see where possible infringements of copyrights fair use doctrine has occurred or could possibly occur through use of this technology. A n... ...pinions. Despite the m either issues connected to this technology however, the advantages it offers surpass any disadvantages seen thus far. References1. Amato, Ivan. Lying with Pixels, Technology Review, Cambridge, Jul/Aug 2000. p.61. 2. See reference 1 above.3. See reference 1, p.62.4. See reference 3 above.5. Royal Philips Electronics, Imaging its digital future, Briefing, good deal 3, Issue 2, article no. 19.6. See reference 1, p.64.7. See reference 1 p. 65.8. Samuelson, Pamela. Copyrights fair use doctrine and digital data, draw for Computing Machinery., Communications of the ACM vol. 37, Issue 1 New York, 1994. p. 22.9. See reference 8, p.23.Additional- Samuelson, Pamela. Copyright and Digital Libraries. (class material)http//web5.computer-select.com/csweb/session/329/331/ (Article - Free Video Hosting)

Interview With The Vampire :: essays research papers

This novel, &8220Interview with the Vampire, by Anne strain, is by far one of the best book I&8217ve ever read. It started with a young boy interviewing a vampire, and the vampire related him the whole story of his life, how he became a vampire, his thrilling adventures through the centuries and his complex relationships with twain the mortals and the immortals.In my opinion, Anne Rice had done the best of jobs. The writing and the detailed descriptions, the composing of this novel, had brought out every emotion of the characters like the flick of a whip. The rage, the love, the hatred, the sufferings, the darkness, the pain and the terror, were completely presented so vividly as if in front of my eyes, as if I were really part of the character. I think Anne Rice had created the most successful characters. end-to-end the whole book, you can really look at the conflicts between them. They are, mosthow, attached or attracted by each other, both the mortals and the immortals. Thei r love and hate and struggles go to much(prenominal) degrees, and yet limited by their nature, it was almost impossible to understand it at all. I believe Anne Rice had used those characters to express humanity, the whole plot was some kind of an irony. Something like a metaphor, though she exaggerated everything to make it poignant enough.Not only were the characters a success, the time and place details were incredible. The costumes, ways of manner, tarradiddle and every background changes as the years passed, and she made the backgrounds so realistic that I could almost feel everything surrounding me. Actually I think Anne Rice had done such a great job that this book should be counted as literature.

Interview With The Vampire :: essays research papers

This novel, &8220Interview with the Vampire, by Anne Rice, is by far one of the best book I&8217ve ever read. It started with a materialisation boy interviewing a vampire, and the vampire related him the whole story of his life, how he became a vampire, his thrilling adventures through the centuries and his complex relationships with both the mortals and the immortals.In my opinion, Anne Rice had do the best of jobs. The writing and the detailed descriptions, the composing of this novel, had brought out every emotion of the characters like the flick of a whip. The rage, the love, the hatred, the sufferings, the darkness, the pain and the terror, were all presented so vividly as if in front of my eyes, as if I were really part of the character. I think Anne Rice had created the most successful characters. Throughout the whole book, you can really look at the conflicts between them. They are, somehow, attached or attracted by each other, both the mortals and the immortals. Their lov e and hate and struggles go to such degrees, and yet limited by their nature, it was almost impossible to understand it at all. I believe Anne Rice had used those characters to express humanity, the whole plot was some kind of an irony. Something like a metaphor, though she exaggerated everything to make it poignant enough.Not only were the characters a success, the time and place details were incredible. The costumes, ways of manner, history and every background changes as the years passed, and she made the backgrounds so realistic that I could almost feel everything surrounding me. Actually I think Anne Rice had done such a great job that this book should be counted as literature.

English: The Art to Modern Communication Essay

1.0 IntroductionSaudi Arabia, the oil rich country of the Middle East, has a modern military to maneuver c are of its national security. Constantly trained and supported by the western powers of the United States and United fagotdom, the King Khalid Military Academy is a prestigious base of modern warfare. Taught by ex-British and ex-American military commanders, the institute has just about the go around cadets passing out with distinction in the country. The institute is so well organized, that redden the members of the Saudi Arabia national guards receive genteelness here. The King Khalid Military Academy trains the tribal recruits who guard the royal family from external and internal uncertainties. This team, called the SANG, is the Saudi Arabia National Guards (Military, 2005).The paradox facing the national guards is that they know little side, the medium of instruction by the ex-British and American military personnel. With their limited exposure, these loyal tribal hav e adjusted to the training programmes well. However, they are still non fluent enough to learn or understand modern techniques imparted to them through English, fast enough. This has been a drawback to the Royal familys security. patronage the constant indigence the students get from the King Khalid Military Academy, there has not been much of a change in their outlook on the foreign row. Considering the sensitiveness of such nurtureings, my quest to learn and then impart training in English to these students at King Khalid Military Academy assumes significance.2.0 English as an planetary LanguageIn the context of the economic, social and political dimensions, many nations are moving ahead with the objective of becoming a competitive knowledge-based economy in the world by the end of the decade. The use of English as an international spoken communication has been brought about by the spread of English globally. This has resulted in English undergoing a variety of changes on gr ammatical, lexical, and phonological levels. The way English is being spoken, it is almost certain that in the near future English provide become enigmatical (Teaching English as an International Language, Oxford University Press).1Teaching English as an international language has a lot of challenges. Cultural, social and political dimensions have to be considered in the context of teaching a foreign language. Take for instance the teaching of English in a non-national language country.The tension of globalization in language learning and teaching constitutes three very important dimensions. These are Ethnic, linguistic and heathenish diversity in the local communities The prevalence of English Nationalism endorsed by linguistic and cultural essentialism.These three elements can be conceptualized in different ways. We see that the first and second dimensions have a direct bearing on a countrys national identity. These two dimensions stimulate the third dimension, nationalism. Tea ching under such a situation is very challenging and mustiness be handled with care (David Block and Deborah Cameron, 2001)2.English as a global language caught the imagination of stack around the globe, due to globalization. Despite ethnic and cultural differences, people have accepted that there is the need for a common language to communicate at all levels. Cultural and linguistic diversity, while bear upon respect for cultural identity, traditions and religions, is essential to the increase of an Information Society based on the dialogue among cultures regional and international cooperation. It is an important factor for sustainable development. Without this, development activities would get hampered.English is prevalent in every country around the world. English has been accepted as the global language due to its frequent routine by people in the bureaucracy and aristocracy. Business dealings are made in English and unless people learn to read, speak and write in English, the chances of them being ignored is not remote (UNESCO, 2005)3.3.0 MotivationMotivation is an integral part of student training. For a foreigner to learn an other(a) language requires a lot of motivating. English is perhaps a language that requires the minimum amount of strain, as it has very limited number of alphabets and is widely spoken. Considering that most people in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia speak Arabic, there is a substantial import of English speaking personnel here. Motivation to learn a foreign language has to come from within an individual. There is a lot of talk of students being motivated to perform well in studies, sports, and social activities.These come naturally, however when students are given the option to learn a foreign language or any other language, they back down immediately. Why is this so? Many separate of the Middle East speak only Arabic and to an extent Urdu. English though is spoken by the expatriates, is confined to the business and educational s ectors only. English is not necessary for them manage their business or daily life. It is when they travel outside the Middle East do they require to speak another language, which is, English. This should be the motivation required for the students of the King Khalid Military Academy to learn English.In a classroom, the more the students the harder it is to motivate. No two students will think alike. Motivation becomes that much harder and the instructor is left with very little options to perform. There are no small measures to motivate students, as they all have different levels of motivation. There are different factors that determine a students motivation level factors such as self confidence and self-esteem, and attitude to do well.Motivation can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic comes from within the individual, while extrinsic is what teachers try to inculcate. However, both these are related to the goal orientation of the student. Intrinsic motivation is determin ed by an interest in learning and mastery, curiosity and preference for challenge and leads to a mastery goal orientation. Extrinsic motivation is determined by external sources. Teachers find it easier to motivate students through external methods, which include rewards, promotions, appreciations, cash incentives, and teacher/parent approvals that lead to performance goal orientation. These two types of motivation will therefore influence the type of learning and the strategies that a student can use to progress academically.Performance goal orientation which in most cases is say by extrinsic motivation focuses on peerlesss ability and self worth. But here ability is evidenced by doing better than others and/or by achieving success with little effort. Should they come across hardship, they tend to give up.On the other hand, students with intrinsic motivation are self-stressors. They try to attain except competence and are mastery goal oriented. They see school as the first step to gaining competence. They engage in learning for self-fulfillment.The use of praise and rewards as a motivating factor has been debated and researched for a long time. It is possible that rewards, in particular, may only have an effect on extrinsic motivation. On the other hand rewards are widely used from stickers, to tokens and privileges, to encourage students to engage in a particular activity. The question is whether the rewards are effective in short-term engagements and in long-term development of meaningful learning practices. Motivation for one may be a punishment for another.Similarly, there is the danger that a reward for one student could turn out to be a punishment for another. We see that many universities in the UK and U.S.A offer scholarships to deserving students to pursue blueer studies abroad. This is perhaps the best example of motivation levied to students. Under normal conditions, for a foreign or even an American student to pay fees for professional courses are exorbitantly high and out of reach. In such a situation, universities seek the best students to enhance their reputation and offer scholarships. Once the student completes the study, he/she is assured of a true(p) job.4.0 ConsiderationConsidering the English is mandatory to study abroad, students in Saudi Arabia need to be motivated to learn English.Three main factors are important in the consideration of how to motivate students in the classroomAutonomy versus controlOptimal challenge to the studentsThe involvement of the teacherTeachers must be equally motivated to teach their students. In order to do so, teachers must the following conditionsA supportive learning environmentAn appropriate level of challenge of tasks and activitiesLearning objectives must be relevant and meaningfulA moderate or optimal use of motivational strategies (Marilyn Robb, 2001)5.0 ConclusionEnglish as an additional language has many positives. It allows people easy access to information, communicati ng and friendship. English is spoken by a majority of people the world over and has come to being recognized as the true international language. Universities, colleges and schools in most countries teach in English, and if we are to compete or study along with them English learning becomes a prerogative. When evaluated. The positives of English outlast the negatives. Thus we see that motivation to learn English should be given the most favored status in this country, and especially in the King Khalid Military Academy.

Change and Organizations Essay

Change in organizations is an ongoing process. Change can either be planned or an unexpected result of a decision or other event (Grossman & Valiga, 2009). The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss a miscellanea that has been implemented within the organization.Identity of the Instituted ChangeThe changes necessitated by healthcare reform and consequences of the economy are challenging hospital administrators to decide how they entrust thrive and respond. A change instituted by the Chief Nursing Officer (CNO) at the hospital where I am employed is the discontinuation of special cover practices. The special pay practices involved are compensation for 40 hours per week when actual worked hours are 36 and compensation for at least a 4 hour minimum. This change has a positive financial impact which allows for growth of the organization. However, if not managed effectively, this change could have a negative effect on staff morale.Decisions by attracterBefore implementing th e discontinuation of special pay practices, the CNO communicated the goal to the directors and managers of the organization. A plan for roll out to the organization was developed. By building upon and partnering with leaders of the organization, successful fictile of the approaching can occur (Grossman & Valiga, 2009). While this change created turmoil within the organization, the leaders were armed with the necessary information to positively respond to employees. The CNO clearly specify the vision for the future of the organization. Pointing out with the disappearance of special pay practices, the decision was made to increase certification pay and tuition reimbursement. This change gives way to authority of self and aids in achieving personal and professional goals. According to Grossman and Valiga (2009), the leader can help staff rise to their highest level of competency.Connection to the Organizationinterconnected pieces of the organization that can be effected by the CNOs decisions are structural, political, human resource, and organizational culture (Grossman & Valiga, 2009). The structural piece is connected by effecting breast feeding departments throughout the organization. While those departments with 8 hour shifts are minimally effected, those with 12 hour shifts are significantly impacted. The political piece has ramifications of a positive temperament for the organization. Funds that are saved from the special pay practices change can be utilized to augment other programs for growth. The human resource piece has a significant impact by the decision to delete the special pay practices.Employees are affected by a decrease in pay resulting in employee dissatisfaction if the change is not accepted or understood. Organizational culture is affected by removing special pay practices as an option, going forward the culture will focus on certification pay and tuition reimbursement. The new way or new leadership will adjust to form relationships and connect others to quarrel old, bureaucratic organizational structures and old ways of doing things (Grossman & Valiga, 2009).SummaryThe discontinuation of special pay practices is a change that has been implemented within the organization. Leaders of the organization were tending(p) the necessary information to respond to employees as a result of the change. Decisions made effect the structural, political, human resource, and culture of an organization.ReferenceGrossman, S.C., & Valiga, T.M., (2009). The new leadership challenge Creating the future of nursing (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA

The Urban Heat Island and Its Impact on Heat Waves in Shanghai

Int J Biometeorol (2010) 547584 DOI 10. 1007/s00484-009-0256-x ORIGINAL PAPER The urban affectionateness island and its refer on incite brandishs and human health in Shanghai Jianguo Tan & Youfei Zheng & Xu Tang & Changyi Guo & Liping Li & Guixiang Song & Xinrong Zhen & Dong Yuan & Adam J. Kalkstein & Furong Li & Heng Chen Received 17 December two hundred8 / revise 29 July 2009 / Accepted 3 luxurious 2009 / Published online 1 September 2009 ISB 2009 Abstract With global thawing forecast to continue into the foreseeable future, horniness swings be actually likely to increase in some(prenominal) frequency and glitz. In urban regions, hese future agitate waves will be exacerbated by the urban hot pants island outcome, and will assimilate the potency to negatively influence the health and welf are of urban residents. In order to investigate the health effects of the urban ignite energy island (UHI) in Shanghai, China, 30 eld of meteorological J. Tan (*) X. Zhen Sh anghai Urban environmental Meteorology Center, 951 Jinxiu Road, Pudong, Shanghai 200135, China e-mail emailprotected com Y. Zheng Key Laboratory of meteoric Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing 210044, China X. TangShanghai Meteorological Bureau, 166 Puxi Road, Shanghai 200030, China C. Guo G. Song D. Yuan Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, 1380 ZhongShan due west Road, Shanghai 200336, China L. Li F. Li H. Chen Injury Prevention Research Centre, Medical College of Shantou University, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou City 515041, Guangdong Province, China A. J. Kalkstein Department of Geography and eludemental Engineering, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA records (19752004) were examined for 11 first- and second-order weather stations in and around Shanghai.Additionally, automatic weather observation data recorded in recent forms as easy as everyday all-cause summer fatality stray counts in 11 urban, suburban, and exurban regions (1998 2004) in Shanghai have been used. The results show that varied ranges ( urban center shopping centre or surroundings) have experienced different degrees of w fortify as a result of increasing urbanisation. In turn, this has resulted in a to a greater extent broad urban rouse island effect, causing spare instigateed age and alter up waves in urban regions compared to rural locales. An examination of summer mortality rates in and aroundShanghai yields heightened heat-related mortality in urban regions, and we conclude that the UHI is directly responsible, acting to worsen the adverse health effects from exposure to extreme thermal conditions. Keywords spheric warming . Urban heat island . raise up wave . Human health Introduction In recent years, the impact of weather on human health has perish an issue of increased signifi fundamentce, especially considering the potential impacts of global warming and an inc reased urban heat island effect due to urbanization (Kunst et al. 1993 Kalkstein and Greene 1997 Guest et al. 1999 Smoyer et al. 2000).Warming of the climate clay is unequivocal. The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) cl wee indicates that the updated 100-year linear trend (19062005) of global surface temperature is 0. 74 K. The warming trend over the last 50 years has averaged 0. 13 K per decade and 11 of the last 12 years (19952006) rank among the 12 warmest years since 1850 (IPCC 2007). A Int J Biometeorol (2010) 547584 76 warming climate will likely result in an increase in the frequency and intensity of heat waves (McMichael et al. 1996 Meehl et al. 2001 Patz and Khaliq 2002). The urban heat island (UHI) has pass away one of the largest roblems associated with the urbanization and industrialization of human civilization, as the increased temperatures associated with the UHI tend to exacerbate the threats to human health posed by thermal breed. As a result, the UHI has been a central theme among climatologists, and it is wholesome documented in many metropolitan eye sockets around the world (Oke 1973 Katsoulis and Theoharatos 1985 Balling and Cerveny 1987 Lee 1992 Saitoh et al. 1996 Yamashita 1996 Bohm 1998 Figuerola and Mazzeo 1998 Klysik and Fortuniak 1999 Kim and Baik 2002 Wilby 2003). The UHI experienced by many cities is large at night than uring the day, more pronounced in winter than in summer, and is most apparent when winds are weak. For example, in Beijing, the difference in recollect spread temperature amongst the city nerve centre and surrounding fields can be as much as 4. 6 K (Zhang et al. 2002 Song and Zhang 2003). This results in additional warming days in urban locales, which can directly influence the health and welfare of city residents. As UHIs are characterized by increased temperature, they can potentially increase the magnitude and continuance of heat waves within cities. Scientists have also discovered that the impacts of heat waves on humans vary among ifferent regions within a city. As early as 1972, Buechley et al. (1972) investigated the relationship between the heat island and death island and found that the mortality rate during a heat wave increases exponentially with the utmost temperature, an effect that is elevated by the UHI. Clarke (1972) revealed that the night eon effect of UHIs can be particularly harmful during a heat wave, as it deprives urban residents of the cool time out found in rural areas during the night. Thus, during heat waves, death rates are often much prouder in cities than in outlying environs (Henschel et al. 1969 Buechley et al. 972 Clarke 1972 Jones et al. 1982 Smoyer 1998). An epidemiologic charter of mortality during the summer 2003 heat wave in Italy also illustrated that those living(a) in urban regions have an elevated find of death compared to those living in suburban or rural areas as a result of heightened urban temperatures (Conti et al. 2005). Unli ke purely tropical regions that remain warm all year round, Shanghai experiences a subtropical climate with cold, dry winters and wet, acerbic summers, as well as a pronounced UHI (Ding et al. 2002 grub et al. 2002). Shanghai has been found to be prone to heat-related ortality (Tan et al. 2004, 2007), although few studies have quantitatively or qualitatively examined the impact of the UHI on the frequency or the intensity of heat waves along with its corresponding impact on heat-related mortality among the urban and suburban populations. Thus, the goal of this paper is to determine the influence of the Shanghai UHI on heat waves and human health within twain urban and rural locales. Materials and methods The information was carried out over the region of Shanghai, China, which encompasses approximately 6,300 km2, and contains a population listed as slightly over 18 million in 006. In order to capture the effects of urban areas on local climate, 30 years (19752004) of routine le vel best temperature were compiled covering only the summer months, delineate here as May through October. These data were examined for 11 first- and second-order weather stations (Fig. 1) and were obtained from the Shanghai Meteorological Bureau. The specific sites in this study are the urban site (XuHui-58367), suburban sites (MingHang-58361, BaoShan58362, PuDong-58470, JiaDing-58365), and exurban sites (ChongMing-58366, NanHui-58369, JinShan-58460, QinPu58461, SongJiang-58462, FengXian-58463).For for severally one year throughout the 30-year seek period, we first examined the yearly extreme maximum temperature (the single hottest day in each year), the hold still for daily maximum temperature in midsummer ( delimit as July through August), and the emergence of hot days (defined as days exceeding 35C in Tmax) for each of the 11 stations. Simple linear reversal was used to discern overall trends in the data, and the statistical significance of these trends was assessed ( car d 1). The lean of hot days, as well as heat wave duration at urban, suburban, and exurban sites, are listed in Table 2.The UHI intensity is typically defined as the temperature difference (? T) between the urban (u), suburban (s), and exurban (e) fixs. This is described in terms of the difference in daily maximum temperature between the urban center and suburban sites (? Tu-s), and that between urban center and the exurban stations (? Tu-e). The observed reputes of urban, suburban, and exurban sites were represented by the temperature from the urban site (XuHui station), the average of four suburban stations (MinHang, BaoShan, PuDong, JiaDing), and the average temperature from the exurban stations (ChongMing,NanHui, JinShan, QingPu, SongJiang and FengXian), respectively. The UHI intensity of each site (? Ti) is calculated by the temperature difference between the urban site (XuHui station) and each suburban or exurban site as follows $Ti ? Tmax0 A Tmaxi piece Tmax0 is the daily maximum temperature at the urban site, Tmaxi is the daily maximum temperature at the suburban or exurban site. In order to investigate the diurnal Int J Biometeorol (2010) 547584 77 Fig. 1 Shanghai within China and the spatial distribution of 11 weather stations across Shanghai innovation of the UHI intensity, the temperature difference etween the urban (XuHui), suburban (JiaDing), and exurban (ChongMing, FengXian, JinShan, SongJiang) sites are calculated from automatic weather stations from June through August, 20052007. The observed variations in the urban heat island effect have been plotted in Figs. 2, 3, and 4. Here, a hot day is defined as a day with a daily maximum temperature exceeding 35C in at least 1 of the 11 sites in Shanghai. Days below this threshold were categorized as non-heat days. Additionally, a heat wave is defined as a period with at least three consecutive hot days. Although this definition is somewhat arbitrary, it was hosen to correspond with the Chinese M eteorological Administration heat warnings, which are issued when maximum temperatures are forecast to exceed 35C. Furthermore, with the assumption that each meteorological Table 1 The rates of increase and linear regression results by year for annual extreme maximum temperature, mean maximum temperature in mid-summer (JulAug), and hot days at urban, suburban, and exurban sites Sites Yearly extreme maximum temperature smashed maximum temperature in mid-summer (JulAug) Hot days Rate of increase (K / year) Urban Suburban Exurban XuHui MinHang BaoShan PuDong JiaDing QingPuChongMing NanHui JinShan SongJiang FengXian R2 p Rate of increase (K / year) R2 p Rate of increase (days / year) R2 p 0. 085 0. 049 0. 066 0. 067 0. 062 0. 051 0. 035 0. 029 0. 013 0. 034 0. 009 0. 389 0. 172 0. 271 0. 204 0. 241 0. 158 0. 090 0. 053 0. 013 0. 076 0. 004 0. 0001 0. 0181 0. 0022 0. 0095 0. 0043 0. 0244 0. 0918 0. 2053 0. 5409 0. 1276 0. 7196 0. 073 0. 051 0. 054 0. 054 0. 049 0. 045 0. 038 0. 028 0. 0 24 0. 034 0. 020 0. 240 0. 150 0. 136 0. 158 0. 128 0. 112 0. 082 0. 064 0. 042 0. 070 0. 030 0. 0044 0. 0282 0. 0376 0. 0240 0. 0448 0. 0609 0. 1138 0. 1623 0. 2603 0. 1442 0. 3408 0. 64 0. 29 0. 40 . 34 0. 41 0. 28 0. 10 0. 09 0. 07 0. 20 0. 08 0. 388 0. 168 0. 278 0. 279 0. 272 0. 161 0. 070 0. 074 0. 026 0. 090 0. 036 0. 0001 0. 0197 0. 0019 0. 0018 0. 0021 0. 0229 0. 1427 0. 1305 0. 3817 0. 0952 0. 2950 Statistically significant slopes at 95% confidence aim (p ? 0. 05) are in bold Int J Biometeorol (2010) 547584 78 Table 2 The average moment of hot days and the occurrent of different heat wave durations at urban, suburban, and exurban sites in Shanghai (19752004) Sites Hot days (days / year) Heat wave duration ?3 days XuHui MinHang BaoShan PuDong JiaDing QingPu ChongMing NanHui JinShan SongJiangFengXian Exurban observation site represents its entire area or govern, we classify days in which more than eight of the sites experienced maximum temperatures above 35C as largescal e hot days, thus covering 59. 682. 6% of the total area of Shanghai. The consistency of hot day occurrence among the 11 sites has been plotted in Fig. 5. any deaths recorded between 1998 and 2004 for all regions of Shanghai were obtained from the Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. These data consist of the daily mortality totals of each district for all causes of death and cover the summer study period.Excess deaths are calculated by subtracting a baseline death rate from the observed daily mortality value. Numerous methods have been identified in the literature for calculating the baseline mortality (Gosling et al. 2009), and here, we adopt a 30-day moving average for the same year (Rooney et al. 1998 Dessai 2002, 2003 Gosling et al. 2007). 10 days 18 12 11 8 9 9 5 2 6 8 2 9 4 8 1 5 4 2 1 3 4 2 5 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Results Warming trends at the urban, suburban and exurban sites As demonstrated in Table 1, there are different linear arming trends in the different areas (city center, suburban, and exurban areas) of Shanghai over the last 30 years (19752004), covering the yearly extreme maximum temperature, the average maximum temperature from July through August, and the round of hot days during the 2 Tu-s 1. 5 1 0. 5 0 May Tu-s ?7 days 39 25 22 18 27 26 9 7 14 21 8 11. 2 7. 4 7. 5 5. 2 7. 6 7. 7 3. 1 2. 7 5. 2 6. 4 3. 7 Heat Island Intensity ( K ) Urban Suburban ?5 days Tu-e June July 1. 4 Tu-e 1. 2 1 0. 8 0. 6 0. 4 y = -0. 001x 2 + 0. 0523x + 0. 1132 R2 = 0. 6951 0. 2 0 1975 October 2. 00 y = 2E-05x 2 + 0. 0411x + 0. 147 R2 = 0. 7704 1979 1983 987 1991 Year 1995 1999 2003 Fig. 2 The variation of urban heat island intensity in terms of the difference of daily maximum temperature between the urban center and suburban sites (? Tu-s), and that between urban and exurban (? Tu-e) sites from 1975 to 2004 Heat Island Intensity ( K ) Heat Island Intensity (K) 1. 6 September month 2 1. 8 August -0. 5 1. 50 1. 00 0. 50 0. 00 May June July August September October -0. 50 Month Fig. 3 The mean heat island intensity in terms of the difference of daily maximum temperature between the urban center and suburban sites (? Tu-s), and that between urban and exurban stations (?Tu-e) by month from 1975 through 2004. misapprehension bars indicate 1 SD Int J Biometeorol (2010) 547584 79 Fig. 4 The diurnal variation of the temperature difference between the city center (XuHui) and suburban(JiaDing), and various exurban sites (ChongMing, FengXian, JinShan, SongJiang) over 24 h in summer (JuneAugust, 20052007) summer. Significant trends, using a 95% confidence level (p 35C) and the likeness of largescale hot days (35C at eight or more stations) during the five hottest years on record the urban center and the suburban sites (? Tu-s), and that between the urban center and the exurban sites (? Tu-e) Fig. 2). From the 1970s to the mid-1980s, the UHI was much less pronounced, with an average difference in daily maximum summer temperatur e of 0. 20. 4 K between the city center and its surroundings. However, these temperature differences increased during the period of study, particularly between the city center and the exurban locations. In fact, beginning in the mid-1980s, there is a distinct deviation between the UHI intensities of the exurban and the suburban sites. While the temperature difference of urban-exurban areas rose further to 1. 6 K, differences between the urban and suburban sites remained at approximately 0. K. This disparity is likely due to the rapid expansion of Shanghai into the suburban regions beginning in the mid-1980s. The UHI intensity was strongest in July during the summer months, where the average UHI intensity reached 0. 9 K between urban and exurban areas (? Tu-e), and 0. 6 K between urban and suburban areas (? Tu-s) (Fig. 3). Furthermore, the diurnal variation of the heat island intensity derived from the six automatic weather stations located in the urban (XuHui), suburban (JiaDing), and exurban sites (ChongMing, FengXian, JinShan, SongJiang) in summer (June through August), 20052007, shows that he heat island intensity is more pronounced in the daytime than that in the night (Fig. 4). The highest value in the region of 0. 52. 0 K occurs at noon or in the afternoon, corresponding approximately to the time in which the daily maximum temperature is reached. The urban heat island and heat waves As a result of increased temperatures within the urban locales, the UHI may affect the number of hot days as well as the duration of heat waves, potentially increasing the risk of mortality from heat stress. The yearly average number of hot days and the total number of heat waves with different urations over the research period (19752004) at different locations in Shanghai are listed in Table 2. Not surprisingly, the largest average value of annual hot days is 11. 2 days per year in the urban site (XuHui), while fewer hot days occur in the exurban sites such as ChongMing, Na nHui, or FengXian. Similarly, heat wave duration is also impacted by the UHI, so that the longest duration heat waves (for example, a heat wave with at least 10 consecutive hot days) usually occurred in the urban area. There were five such events at the urban location (XuHui) with only one event recorded t the suburban stations (MinXing, BaoShan, JiaDing). In order to discern whether increasing numbers of hot days are attributable to a regional climate warming or to an expanding UHI, we examined the five hottest years (1978, 1983, 1988, 1998, and 2003) and analyzed the consistency of hot day occurrence among the 11 sites. This was through to 80 determine the frequency of large hot days in the investigation area during these years. Figure 5 illustrates a decreasing trend of the proportion of the large-scale hot days corresponding with an increasing number of hot days. For example, at least 1 of the 11 stations in Shanghai eported a hot day 16 times in 1983, and among these there wer e 13 large-scale hot days, accounting for 81. 3%. In 2003, however, there were 45 hot days reported but only 29. 5% of these were large-scale hot days. Thus, it seems that the growing UHI increases the number of hot days around the city center, but large-scale hot days are not increasing. This provides strong evidence that the warming is local in nature, caused almost entirely by the UHI, and not as a result of a larger, regional warming pattern. The urban heat island and excess death The relationships between heat and human health are ummarized in Table 3, which illustrates the excess mortality rate, the number of heat waves, and the average maximum temperature for each heat wave from 1998 to 2004 in each region. Population-adjusted excess mortality in each region, along with UHI intensity, has been plotted for each year in Fig. 6. The excess deaths in the central urban region are higher than those in the suburban and exurban sites, which concur well with heat island intensity, esp ecially in the two severe heat waves in 1998 and 2003 (Tan et al. 2004, 2007). For example, with the 1998 heat wave, the excess mortality rate in the urban area is about 27. /100,000, compared to only 7/100,000 in the exurban districts. Furthermore, a comparison between excess deaths and the spatial coverage of the two heat waves in 1998 and 2003 (Fig. 7) shows that the extent of high temperatures played an important role in the number of excess deaths. In general, the more stations that reported hot days, the higher the number of excess deaths. In 1998, Shanghai experienced long duration, large-scale hot days with more than nine districts experiencing temperatures above 35C for nine consecutive days from August 8 to 16. As a result, excess deaths increased sharply with a maximum value of 53 deaths observed on August 16. On the opposite hand, in 2003, there were frequent hot days, often with a large number of consecutive days, but these heat waves were not often experienced by a la rge number of stations. Thus, the spatial coverage of the 2003 event was much smaller than that observed in 1998, resulting in fewer deaths. Discussion The urban heat island effect is among the most welldocumented impacts of human activity on local climate. As Int J Biometeorol (2010) 547584 large-scale climate change continues, the UHI is very likely to exacerbate the warming, resulting in more frequent and ore intense heat waves (Wilby 2003). Research on the UHI has typically focused on tropical or mid-latitude cities for the multiple purposes of understanding the dynamics of the energy balance in the urban boundary layer and its application to issues related to urban contaminant, energy conservation, and the prevention of heat-related health problems or deaths (Buechley et al. 1972 Smoyer 1998). Here, the comparison between meteorological monitoring stations both inside and around the city of Shanghai revealed the large impact of the urban heat island effect on temperature, hea t waves, and human health.The results demonstrate that the meteorological sites (city center and its surroundings) have experienced different degrees of warming over the period of record as a direct result of increasing urbanization and a more pronounced heat island. Additionally, we find that the hottest days (above 35C), as well as protracted heat waves, are more likely to occur in urban locales. The UHI is often referred to as a nighttime phenomenon with the highest values of the UHI intensity occurring between midnight and early morning, especially in winter. This has been documented in the United States, Italy, and eyond (Basu and Samet 2002 deDonato et al. 2008), highlighting that the major differences between urban and rural areas were measured during the night. However, for Shanghai, our results show that the heat island is often more pronounced in the daytime during the summer, with the highest urbanrural differences ranging from 0. 5 to 2. 0 K at noon or in the afternoon, coinciding with the timing of maximum daily temperature. The increased thermal loads found in urban areas may be a direct factor for heightened levels of human mortality (Clarke and live 1971 Jones et al. 1982 Conti et al. 2005).Additionally, previous studies note that virtually all causes of mortality increase during extreme heat waves, including respiratory failure and circulatory musical arrangement failure from heart round out or stroke. The results of this study demonstrate that heat-related mortality (all-cause deaths above the baseline) is often much higher in the inner city than in outlying environs during heat waves, coinciding with heat island intensity. Inhabitants of urban areas may experience sustained thermal stress both day and night as city surfaces often heat up quickly during the day but are slow to cool at night (Sheridan and Dolney 2003).There is emerging evidence that the urban population shows greater sensitivity to heat compared to those in rural regions. For example, analyses of the 1995 Chicago heat wave have shown that the relative risk for a heat-related hospital admission in the city was roughly two times higher compared to the suburbs (Rydman et al. 1999). Similar results were found in 2003, where heat wave mortality was greater in 2 20/7 24/7 36. 1 ?2. 51 2 19/7 31/7 36. 5 0. 93 4 22/8 26/8 36. 1 2. 57 4 19/7 6/8 36. 6 4. 32 2 16/7 31/7 36. 2 3. 33 Heat waves Longest duration Tmax(C) Excess mortality rate (1/100,000)Heat waves Longest duration Tmax(C) Excess mortality rate (1/100,000) Heat waves Longest duration Tmax(C) Excess mortality rate (1/100,000) Heat waves Longest duration Tmax(C) Excess mortality rate (1/100,000) Heat waves Longest duration Tmax(C) Excess mortality rate (1/100,000) 2000 2004 2003 2002 2001 1999 3 7/817/8 36. 8 27. 30 0 Heat waves Longest duration Tmax(C) Excess mortality rate (1/100,000) Heat waves Longest duration Tmax(C) Excess mortality rate (1/100,000) 1998 Urban Item Year 36 5. 60 36. 1 6. 39 2 19/7 31/7 4 28/7 3/8 2 20/7 24/7 35. 3 2. 29 3 25/7 29/7 35. 7 ?0. 89 0 2 8/8 17/8 6. 9 18. 20 0 MinHang 35. 8 ?0. 23 36. 9 5. 85 3 17/7 7/30 2 21/7 29/7 1 20/7 23/7 36. 8 ?0. 25 1 28/6 2/7 36. 1 2. 29 0 2 7/8 15/8 36. 4 18. 99 1 9/9 11/9 35. 3 0. 40 BaoShan 35. 9 1. 00 36 1. 64 3 20/7 25/7 2 20/7 24/7 35. 7 0. 91 2 28/6 2/7 36. 1 0. 95 1 14/7 16/7 36. 4 0. 41 4 19/7 25/7 1 8/8 16/8 37 15. 82 0 PuDong 36. 2 2. 89 36. 3 17. 39 3 17/7 1/8 4 19/7 4/8 1 20/7 23/7 36 0. 41 3 28/6 2/7 36. 2 4. 82 0 1 8/8 16/8 36. 4 13. 08 0 JiaDing 35. 8 ?0. 57 35. 7 1. 42 2 20/7 25/7 1 25/7 29/7 0 0 0 1 8/8 15/8 35. 9 9. 21 0 ChongMing 0 0 0 0 0 2 10/8 16/8 36. 2 12. 81 0 NanHuiTable 3 Summary statistics of excess mortality rate and mean maximum temperature in heat waves, broken down by region and year 36. 2 3. 41 0 2 28/7 30/7 1 21/7 24/7 35. 4 0. 94 1 29/6 2/7 36. 1 1. 89 0 1 8/8 17/8 36. 3 8. 01 0 JinShan 36 0. 22 36. 6 5. 89 2 17/7 31/7 4 28/7 3/8 1 21/7 23/7 35. 9 1. 09 2 28/6 3/7 36. 4 2. 85 0 2 7 /8 16/8 36. 5 12. 51 0 QingPu 36. 5 ?0. 39 27/8 30/8 35. 9 0. 00 1 23/7 25/7 36. 2 1. 56 1 28/7 4/8 36. 2 3. 16 2 17/7 31/7 0 0 0 2 9/8 16/8 35. 8 7. 00 0 FengXian 3 1 21/7 24/7 35. 8 0. 20 1 29/6 1/7 36. 1 3. 82 0 1 8/8 17/8 36. 4 18. 15 0 SongJiang Int J Biometeorol (2010) 547584 1 Int J Biometeorol (2010) 547584 82 30 exposure to heat in the city center, resulting in elevated levels of heat-related mortality in urban regions. This study was subject to several limitations. First, many approaches such as absolute threshold temperature (Huynen et al. 2001), relative threshold temperature (Hajat et al. 2002), and synoptical climatological approaches (Sheridan 2002 Sheridan and Kalkstein 2004) can also be used to define heat waves. Although our definition is somewhat arbitrary, it was chosen to correspond with the Chinese Meteorological Administrations heat warnings, which are ssued when maximum temperatures are forecast to exceed 35C. Thus, Chinese residents are more familiar with th e definition used here. Second, the effects of the UHI on heat-related mortality are multifaceted, and we did not examine data measuring air pollution, other meteorological factors such as cloud cover or humidity, or the potential impacts of socioeconomic status or other social variables. Therefore, no confounding effects were evaluated. Previous research indicates that human mortality is impacted by both ambient meteorological conditions and atmospheric pollutant levels.The stagnant atmospheric conditions common during heat waves can trap pollutants in urban areas, exacerbating the negative impacts of the heat wave 1998 2000 2001 20 2003 15 2004 10 5 0 -5 3. 5 4 4. 5 Fig. 6 The excess mortality rate and the heat island intensity for heat waves in Shanghai urban regions compared to suburban areas in Switzerland (Grize et al. 2005). Our previous investigation revealed that observed differences in heat-related mortality between two severe heat waves in 1998 and 2003 could be traced to the longevity of the heat prolonged exposure to heat is more stressful to human health than isolated hot days (Tan et al. 007). Here, we confirm that the UHI serves to enhance the prolonged (a) 1998 20 500 The number of the sites with Tmax? 35C The number of the sites with Tmax? 35C 16 400 excess deaths 300 8 200 4 100 0 0 9-8 9-12 9-4 8-31 8-27 8-23 8-19 8-15 8-7 8-11 8-3 7-30 7-26 7-22 7-18 7-14 6-28 -200 6-24 -8 6-20 -100 6-16 -4 excess deaths 12 Date (b) 2003 500 20 The number of the sites with Tmax? 35C 16 The number of the sites with Tmax? 35C 400 excess deaths 300 8 200 4 100 0 0 Date 9-12 9-8 9-4 8-31 8-27 8-23 8-19 8-15 8-11 8-7 8-3 7-30 7-26 7-22 -200 6-28 -8 6-24 -100 6-20 -4 excess deaths 12 6-16 Fig. 7 The number of excess eaths versus the number of stations reporting hot days during the summers of 1998 (a) and 2003 (b) 7-18 3 7-14 2. 5 7-6 2 7-10 1. 5 Urban Heat Island Intensity(K) 7-10 1 7-2 0. 5 7-6 0 7-2 excess mortality(1/100000) 25 Int J Biometeorol (2010) 547584 (Anderson et al. 1996 Piver et al. 1999 Johnson et al. 2005). Air pollution such as ozone and PM10 compound the heatmortality relationship, and previous research suggests that between 21 and 38% of the excess deaths observed during the summer 2003 European heat wave were attributable to these pollutants (Stedman 2004). However, it remains difficult to separate the impacts of eat and pollution on human health, and it is practicable that some of the heightened urban mortality totals in this study were partially a result of elevated concentrations of airborne pollutants found in the city center. Conclusion There is no doubt that the urban heat island (UHI) has a profound impact on human health. The UHI serves to enhance the intensity of heat waves, which in turn adversely affects human health due to an increased exposure to extreme thermal conditions. As a result, heatrelated mortality is found to be higher in the city center compared to suburban locales. This research provides viden ce that Shanghai local officials should be cognizant of the increased thermal loads experienced in urban regions and take appropriate action to help reduce the impact of heat on the population. Acknowledgements This material is based upon work supported by The congenital Science Foundation of China (No. 30771846), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster (No. KLME05005), National Scientific and Technical supporting chopines, Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2006BAK13B06), and the Gong-Yi Program of China Meteorological Administration (No. GY200706019). Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their omments on an earlier version of the manuscript. References Anderson HR, Ponce de Leon A, Bland MJ et al (1996) Air pollution and daily mortality in London 198792. Br Med J 312665669 Balling RC, Cerveny RS (1987) Long-term associations between wind speeds and urban heat island of Phoenix, Arizona. 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Burger Machine SWOT Analysis Essay

As said in the paragraph above, Burger Machines brand name is its main trump bill poster in the burger stall market nowadays. When Filipinos think of affordable burgers from burger stalls, they would most likely think of Burger Machine. This increases their chances for repeat and impulse buyers, which sets them apart from their competitors. TasteAside from the participations strong brand power, the unforgettable taste of its burgers should be considered as one of its strengths. The company prides itself in creating special(prenominal) sauces as well as having its own special coleslaw. This allows the company to separate itself from its competitors and as well helps in attracting more than customers in the process. WeaknessesCleanlinessA stalls cleanliness is one of the most important determining factors of a companys business. Stalls should always be kept as clean as possible and it seems that Burger Machine does not exactly adhere to this kind of thinking. Burger mechanism sta lls are usually old and rusty, for the company has not yet changed the way their stalls thrust been presented and constructed all throughout these years. LocationLocation also plays a vital part of in the boilers suit cleanliness of a stall. Burger Machine stalls are usually located in dark, filthy, and dirty streets. This adds up to the overall unsatisfactory cleanliness of the food stall. Management/ ServiceLack of proper stall management should also be considered as one of the weaknesses that are present in the company. Usually, one employee would be given the task of managing a Burger Machine stall. With all the foot traffic that the company can attract in one day, the quality of service that the stall can provide to its customers usually takes a hit, due to the lack of personnel. OpportunitiesHigh Demand for Western food in the PhilippinesFilipinos nowadays realize adapted a westernized kind of mentality when it comes to eating food. The rise of burgers and opposite wester n types of food in the Philippine market are now starting to translate in a higher demand for burgers in the country. ThreatsEmergence of Jolly JeepJolly Jeeps are mobile stalls that are seen largely nearly call center agencies and other offices. They basically offer wide variants of food, from rice meals to finger foods. This poses a threat to the company because of the fact that it can wait on as an alternative for people with low budgets, who like to have a wide selection of food to choose from. Wide Expansion of chip BurgerMinute Burger, one of Burger Machines biggest competitors now operates in major(ip) cities and provinces in the country. Burger Machine prides itself in being the 4th overall in total identification number of stalls in the Philippine Market today. If competitors such as Minute Burger continue to expand to other regions in the Philippines, it can pose as a threat to Burger machine as well. CompetitionMinute BurgerMinute Burger has been the Burger Machine s greatest rival ever since the 90s. The company operates in major cities and locations around the Philippines and basically follows the same business concept that Burger Machine has been using all of this time. As of March 2012, the company has more than 130 franchisees, which operates in more than 350 stores nationwide. Minute Burger, just like Burger Machine, sells its products through the use of mobile cart. They also have a wide variant of burgers to offer to their market and also other food offerings here and there. Angels BurgerThe emergence of Angels Burger in the burger industry started in the late 2000s. The company is one of the pioneering brands in starting the buy-one-take-one burger trend, which has been booming as of late. With their prices positioned lower than brands such as Burger Machine, Angels Burger focuses on providing its customers a quantity of burgers, instead of its actual quality. Although there is no speedy information, that is available to consumers ab out the exact number of stalls that the company has, one cannot deny that numerous stalls of this franchise can be seen all around the Metro Manila region and is continuing to expand to other areas in the Philippines. Market NeedsQuick Food ServiceWe are living in a fast-paced world and everybody seeks for a food source which can provide them with a quick, but substantial meal. Cheap Food AlternativesPrices are pass up each year from gas prices to other necessities. People nowadays are thriftier when it comes to buying food. They often times have daily budgets, in rear for them to go about their business without a fuss. Thus, it leads to the market to prefer food stalls, which are heavy in the stomach, but light in the pocket as well. Market TrendsBuy-one-take-oneLike it is said in the aforementioned part of this paper, people nowadays seek to find the most bang-for-the-buck food alternative, and promos just like buy-one-take-one have been a necessity, most especially for lower ma rket segments.

Realisation of the Witches in ‘Animated Tales’ version of Shakespeare’s Macbeth Essay

In class we watched an Animated Tales version of Shakespe bes Macbeth. We were given the task of introducing, ontogenesis and concluding how we felt the witches were realised in Animated Tales. We comp argond the Animated Tales with the text and discussed how we felt the text was realised.In Act 1 Scene 1, the stage directions of the receive tell us that the witches meet on the moor in thunder and lightning. In the Animated Tales, black and grey wavy lines represent this. Although we do non hear the booming of the thunder or the flashing of the lighting, we understand that this is represented by the moody and dark weather. This is call(a)ed pathetic fallacy, the method of associating weather with some social function. In this discipline we are associating the evil witches with dark and unruly weather. We know this as well in Act 1 Scene 3 when the witches go forth in similar down(p) weather. It helps us to associate their evil with evil and exuberant weather.We are told in th e stage direction of the first scene that the witches appear on a moor. This is on the face of it an isolated place and we are able to see this in the Animated Tales. There is nobody on screen but the witches and the provided other thing we see is the dark, wavy lines in the sky. An isolated and l unitaryly place helps us better understand the social standing of the witches and how they were seen and treated by people.When we first see the witches on screen in the Animated Tales, they rise from the bottom of the screen in tandem. As they rise we hear a trumpet tucket. The exclamation of the fanfare represents the sudden and climatic nature of the thunder and lightning that the witches meet in. The music we hear after this fanfare is quite eerie but non at all sinister. It is rather childish and is not the sort of music we would expect to hear when we see the witches. It has a varying tempo and despite the sinister nature of the witches, is not at all scary.It is childish and juv enile, and is paradoxical. It is paradoxical because we do not expect this sort of childish music to be played in conjunction with the appearing of the witches. We can, only, associate this with the confusion of the witches and their deceiving of Macbeth and Banquo. We hear music being played while the witches tell Macbeth and Banquo their prophecies in Act 1 Scene 3 but in this scene the music is somewhat more sinister and moody. It is understood that this is because the witches are ab prohibited to embark upon evil by prophesising to Macbeth and Banquo and the music reflects this mood.There are a number of points to note about the characters and personalities of the witches. In the first scene when they begin to talk, they do so in rhyme. This gives the impression that they are casting a spell, which is one of the occult arts abilities they possess. They express a number of other supernatural abilities throughout the two scenes, such as the aptitude to change and control the we ather. This is demonstrated earlyish on in the scene when the witches sayWhen shall we leash meet againIn thunder, lighting, or in rain?This tells us that they have the supernatural power to control the weather and make it how they like and this is also seen when one witch changes into a flash of lighting. Another point to note about their early dustup is that it contains some paradoxesWhen the hurlyburlys done,When the battles lost and won.Fair is foul, and foul is fairHover through fog and filthy air.These paradoxes are all to do with the witches deceptive nature, and that they withhold the truth a lot of the time. Their speech is often confused and this is the case in Act 1 Scene 3 when they are giving the prophecies to Macbeth and BanquoLesser than Macbeth, and greater.Not so happy, yet much happier.In this scene they are not telling Macbeth and Banquo everything that they know and are deceiving them with the prophecies. This is due to the disruptive and deceptive nature, and they are intent on causing trouble. Their deceptiveness is also demonstrated in the two scenes in the changing of shape and appearance. Each of the three witches each has two different masks or faces, which they alternate between. They do this when they are talking to Macbeth and Banquo and again it seems that they are deceiving them by doing so. Their body form also changes, and at one stage one witch changes into form of a raven, with outstretched wings. The raven was said to be a symbol, or courier, of death and Lady Macbeth speaks of it in Act 1 Scene 5The raven himself is hoarseThat croaks the fatal entrance of DuncanUnder my battlements.The witches, in their prophecies to Macbeth, are deceiving him and weaving a web of trouble. by and by hearing of the prophecies the ambitious Macbeth is already beginning to think of murdering to achieve his ultimate aim of being king and this is why the changing of form into a raven, the messenger of death, is important.In Act 1 Scene 3, th e witches demonstrate several of their supernatural abilities. At the beginning when the First witch talks of the boatmans married woman and says she will hinder her husbands travel, her fellow witches sayIll give thee a wind,And I another.This is a demonstration of the witchs ability to control the weather, which was also demonstrated in Act 1 Scene 1. The other two witches offer to help out by making the sailors journey difficult.The first witch also demonstrates the same ability in the passage that follows in which she says she will make the sailors journey a tough one. The fact that they are offering to help each other reinforces the belief that they are very much alone and have only each other, and that they are indeed weird sisters.When Macbeth and Banquo are on the moor and the witches appear, they appear to drift in and out of visibility, and at times are regular translucent. This is an example of the supernatural ability to disappear or vanish. This ability is also seen at the end of both scenes, when the witches link arms, hover above the ground, which is another of their supernatural abilities, and then vanish. The linking of arms shows the togetherness and closeness of the witches but also makes it seem as if they are casting a spell, another of their supernatural abilities.When the witches are giving their prophecies to Macbeth and Banquo, they are demonstrating the supernatural ability to predict the future. When they tell Macbeth that he will be Thane of Cawdor, the bones of their hands disassemble to become the medal that the Thane of Cawdor wears. The bones are to stand for death both the death of King Duncan and also Macdownwald former Thane of Cawdor. It is meaning to say that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor but at the expense of someone else, which is also later the case when he murders Duncan and becomes King.The witchs bones also change into the form of a crown, which then hovers above Macbeths head. It is glowing, and casts a p oop on Macbeths face. The shadows that are cast make it seem as if the crown is reflecting on his darker side, and his dark desires. That the crown is just over his head shows that it is out of his stir naturally and he must commit evil to make it his. The witches are tempting Macbeth with the offer of riches and keep it just out of his reach to tease and tempt him, which arouses desires. They are causing trouble by doing this.The witches are quite horrid in appearance. They do not appear to be sex specific and when they appear in the first scene they have a somewhat death-like appearance they are skeletal and zombie-like and not at all natural.When they appear to Banquo and Macbeth in Scene 3 Banquo is confused as to what they areWhat are these, So witherd and so wild in their attire,That look not like th inhabitants o the earth,And yet are on t? Live you? Or are you aughtThat man may question?When they are talking to him and Macbeth they hover around them and their heads become disjointed from the rest of their bodies. The floating heads seem death-like and this shows us again that the witches are very unnatural.In conclusion, I opinion that the text is realised well in Animated Tales. The witches are mostly believable and the speech is accurate in accordance with the text. I think however that some parts are a little less realistic than others, simply because of the nature of the cartoon. The witches are well animated and are not at all stereotypical or clichd. I feel that the film is well made and entertaining, and helps to make the text more interesting.

Challenges faced by Uk economy

Erosions growth forecast at 0. 8%, next year 1. 3% Global growth expected at 3. 3%, next year 3. 8%, both still termed too optimistic by MIFF, despite revise it the 2nd time this year Auks expected growth rate 2. -3. 1%, revised from 3. 8%. 2013-14 growth was 1. 7exports. 6% growth, revision from 2. 2%. altogether above fgfiguresre for 2014-15 fiscal The dilemma Economy growing despite loans reducing. Shows bad state of manufacturing sector, not good in long run Key hobby rates cant be increased as unemployment still hihighlandacante reduced as it leave increase pretension Real Growth The nominal figures may break up many, so we show the growth in Real GDGAPince the start of 2013, the I-JKJconomy has experienced positive economic growth one of the elelatedlyest performances in Europe.However, Real GDGAPs still fractionally beneath its pre-crisis peak of 2007. The rec e actuallyplacey has been stronger in the service sector than manufacturing and industrial output. There ar fears the I-JKJecovery is still unbalanced relying on government using up, service sector and ultra-loose financial policy. 0AAndhat it might worsen once the key interest rates are increased Real GDGAPs not yet back to the pre-crisis level. The fgfigureshown by us are as per the data presently available in the public domain.And so, it is worth bearing in mind that sometimes economic growth statistics get evbeviest a later stage. 0 Factors affecting growth Self-explanatory Challenges Unemployment Define and introduce the problem on your own. Explain the diagram Reasons Recession causing cyclical, demand lacking(predicate) unemployment. With falling real GDGAPfirms are producing less and thitherfore, there is less demand for workers. Also in a recession, some firms go out of business causing people to lose their Jobs. Structural factors. There is structural unemployment due to the fast changing nature of the economy.For example, manufacturing Jobs have been lost due to the ec onomy becoming more service sector based. Some unemployed workers have found it difficult to get Jobs in new high tech industries because they lack the relevant skills. Problems Increases copulation poverty in the UK. (Unemployment benefits are substantially lower than average wages). Unemployment is particularly stressful, causing alienation and reduced living standards. Budgetary cost. Persistently high unemployment adds to the cipher deficit. The government have to spend more on benefits, and they receive lower taxes.If unemployment falls, it will be much easier to tackle the budget deficit. In August 2014, creation sector net debt (PSSANDx) was El ,432. biBillion77. 4% of GDGAPIn the short term, government debt is less pressing than the government have claimed. Since 2010, they have given indication that reducing debt levels are the most pressing economic problem. Because of debt, the government have pursued austerity leading to lower growth. I feel the government unnecessar ily panicked over debt. Nevertheless, long term spending commitments and semipermanent debt forecasts are a problem.With an ageing population and perhaps lower growth rates, it could be difficult to finance long-term spending commitments from current tax levels. Debt is a long-term problem rather than short-term. Reasons 2008-13 recession (lower tax receipts, higher spending on unemployment benefits). The recession particularly check stamp duty (falling house prices) income tax and lower corporation tax. Financial bailout of Northern Rock, RBORBSLlLloydnd other(a) banks. Interest Payments. The cost of paying interest on the governments debt is very high.In 2011 Debt interest payments were E4EYEillion a year (esest.3% of GDGAP Public sector debt interest payments will be the 4th highest department after social security, health and education. Debt interest payments could germinate close to E7Beeniven the forecast rise in national debt. Higher Taxes / lower spending in the future. C rowding out of private sector investment / spending. The structural deficit will only get worse as an ageing population places greater strain on the UKAuksension liabilities. (demographic time bomb) Potential negative stupor on exchange rate.Potential of rising interest rates as markets become more reluctant to lend to the I-JKJovernment. Inflation CPICPnflation rate 1. 5% (expected) Inflation is currently a relatively minor problem because it has fallen to be within the ovoverpaymentsarget. However, with rising energy prices, it could resume its upward trend in the coming months. This cost-push inflation is a problem because with low nominal wage growth, many could see a fall in living standards (causing an increase in fuel poverty). Also, savers may be adversely affected because interest rates are low.Reasons Rising energy prices Low real wages Fall in living standards increase poverty Current Account Deficit The damage in the UK current account is a cause for some concern becau se it is occurring in a recession. ordinarily a recession leads to lower imports and an mpimprovementn the current account. This deterioration in the current account suggests the I-JKJould have declining international competitiveness, though it may also be a temporary situation related to EuRezonerisis. Reasons Overvalued exchange rates. Countries in the EuRezonehich became uncompetitive (e. . Greece, Portugal and Spain) experienced large current account deficits. This is imports are cheaper. This encourages domestic consumers to buy imports. It also makes it surd for exporters because they are relatively uncompetitive. High Consumer Spending. If there is rapid growth in consumer spending, then there tends to be an increase in imports causing a deterioration in the current account. For example, in the 19sassoom, we saw a fall in the savings rate and a rise in I-JKJonsumer spending this caused a prove current account deficit.The recession of 1991 caused an improvement in the curre nt account as import spending fell. Unbalanced Economy. An economy focused on consumer spending rather than investment and exports will tend to have a bigger current account deficit. Competitiveness. Related to the exchange rate is the general competitiveness of irrimsIf there is a decline in relative competitiveness, e. g.GriRisingage costs, industrial unrest, poor quality goods then it is harder to export causing a deterioration in the current account.Recommended Solutions nullify consumer spending through tight fiscal and tight monetary policy. E. g.GhiHigherncome tax will reduce disposable income and therefore reduce spending on imports (however, it will also lead to lower economic growth) Supply side policies to improve competitiveness Devaluation of the exchange rate. This makes exports cheaper and imports more expensive Poor lalaborroductivity LaLaborroductivity measures the output per worker in a period of time. LaLaborroductivity is an important factor in determining the productive potential of the economy.Reasons LaLaboroarding. (When firms hold onto workers). Unemployment has risen by a smaller amount in the 08-12 recession compared to previous recessions in 1981 and 1991, and now unemployment has fallen to 6. 2% . This could support the theory that firms are preferring to hang onto workers, despite lower demand. Firms may feel this prevents having to rehire and train workers after the recession ends. Though he length of this current recession makes this surprising, and its uncertain why its happening in 2008-12 more than previous recessions. Low levels of investment.The cite crunch has held back investment because firms struggle to gain finance or dont have the confidence to invest in new capital. This could hold back lalaborroductivity growth. locomote real wages. During the recession, the I-JKJas seen falls in real wage growth. If real wages are lower, firms may be more willing to employ lalaborather than capital. In other words low wage g rowth means lalabors relatively more attractive than usual. Therefore with lower lalaborosts, firms are willing to employ more workers and lalaborntensive return methods.Lower output Lower wages With falling productivity, firms cannot afford wage increases. This is leading to depressed income tax receipts for the government. Lack of Infrastructure Investment The recession has seen a fall in public sector investment. This threatens long-term there are also concerns over other supply side problems, such as unyielding lalaborarkets and lack of vocational skills. External Factors Many of the I-JKJroblems are due to domestic factors low spending, low investment, egactiveutput gap. However, because the I-JKJelies on trade with other countries, especially Europe, external factors are a potential problem.

Glass Menagerie Essay Essay

Have you ever read the book The Glass Menagerie and lookn the picture show? in that location are more similarities between the book and the movie transformation than there are differences. The movie does have some small differences but the movie script is almost identical to the script of the hornswoggle. They both have the very(prenominal) setting and all the scenes take place in the apartment of the Wingfields. All the characters alike remain the same consisting of only Amanda Wingfield, her children Tom and Laura, and Jim OConnor (the gentleman caller).There were many technological aspects of the play and the movie that were different. Some things that were done in the movie could not be done in the play. For example, in the movie, you can see the scene from different views and different frames. Also, in the movie, the actors backs could be towards the audience, but actors cant do that on stage in a play. Lastly, in the movie, music was played in the background during the s cenes, which is something that wasnt done in the play.Some of Lauras features that are in the play are also different in the movie. Laura had a brace on her leg during high school because of a disability but the brace was no longer on during the movie. In the movie, Laura seemed like a normal person and you would probably not even be able to tell there was anything wrong with her if her family didnt lay out such and exaggeration of her being a cripple. Amanda also acts like she was still young expecting gentleman callers at any moment and in the movie the actress that plays Amanda seems counselling to old, I would have used someone a bit younger. When Jim comes over, Amanda flirts with him like she is the one trying to marry him instead of Laura. Tom also seems different in the movie. In the movie he is kind of creepy and it seems like he does not care much for his family and is just waiting for the chance to leave.In the play he seems like a good person who wants to do the best f or his family but wants to get out. Similarities are more common between the play and movie. As I mentioned before, the scripts are almost identical to one another and there are only a few sections in which the movie strays from what is written in the book. Most of the characters, with the exception of Amanda, follow the personalities that are described in the play. The apartment is also set upthe same way as it was in the play. thus far outside the apartment was the same with the dance hall in the alley and the fire escape. The story lines of both the play and movie were also the same. The movie differs smaller from the book with the exception of the differences above.In comparing the play, The Glass Menagerie, to the movie, they are very similar in most ways. The differences lie in the personalities of the characters themselves and how they are portrayed. It seems like when creating the movie they chose to stick as close to the play as possible.

Adult Life

What I feel the definition of being an openhanded means to be collar along and obligated with your intimacys that you have to do in life to life basics. sequence doesnt have everything to do with being mature or being in the heavy(p) section. Its about self actualization of you becoming mature. Some people when on that point maturing there starting college, or a new job, or even yet going through with your life. When you are an adult you gage dumbfound life judgments without any ones help from family or friends. You start identifying yourself of how independent you merchantman be by your own. One important thing that you necessity to be an adult is responsibility.You would need responsibility towards your family, friend members, and yourself. As a member of partnership you would need to engage in the community you expire in, so you spot your whereabouts in the prop you live at. You support have a social responsibility which means to provide and recycle to keep the place clean. If youre a responsible friend you would help him or her to make a good conclusion before he realizes he make a bad mistake. Be there for hem whenever he needs help. A responsible adult will take divvy up of their family and help support them when they need it. Your family should be an important thing in your life.Also you should be valueful of your mammy and dad, brothers and sisters. A good forefather or mother for your child. Without responsibility you wont be up to(p) to fulfill your duties of being a good parent. Without it you might for fuss to filling up dinner for your wife. Or you could be late to pick up your son from soccer practice. As an adult, you would need to be financially responsible to support yourself. You cant expect to be taking care of a family if you can barely support yourself. Its an adults responsibility to pay the bills of the house, and worry about the silver to see if he has sufficiency to support himself.But a responsible adult is us ually good with money, so he wont be low for the month. He would know how to save money, or non waste it on anything that is non necessary. And know when to use the money if they absolutely need it, or if its a requirement thing. reckon is also an important part of being an adult. For example if you got hired at a job, and you dont like someone your goanna have to contract how to deal with them. Adults have to learn how to deal with one some other in daily basics. They dont let little things get in the way of there working environment.They dont let there emotions get the stovepipe of them. They have self engage which comes from being or becoming an adult. One of my role models for being an adult is my father. He is responsible by, he pays the bills, makes sure he has food in the table, and money in the bank. When things get bad or nerve-wracking he just keeps a calm mind and thinks of what the solutions are elbow grease thats what a responsible adult does. My dad is teachin g me of responsibility not by weighty me, but as me just watching him and seeing what he has to do to maintain us. I respect him for everything he has done also keep us in place.Adult LifeWhat I feel the definition of being an adult means to be mature and responsible with your things that you have to do in life to life basics. Age doesnt have anything to do with being mature or being in the adult section. Its about self realization of you becoming mature. Some people when there maturing there starting college, or a new job, or even just going through with your life. When you are an adult you can make life judgments without any ones help from family or friends. You start identifying yourself of how independent you can be by your own. One important thing that you need to be an adult is responsibility.You would need responsibility towards your family, friend members, and yourself. As a member of society you would need to engage in the community you live in, so you know your whereabou ts in the place you live at. You can have a social responsibility which means to volunteer and recycle to keep the place clean. If youre a responsible friend you would help him or her to make a good decision before he realizes he make a bad mistake. Be there for hem whenever he needs help. A responsible adult will take care of their family and help support them when they need it. Your family should be an important thing in your life.Also you should be respectful of your mom and dad, brothers and sisters. A good father or mother for your child. Without responsibility you wont be able to fulfill your duties of being a good parent. Without it you might forget to pick up dinner for your wife. Or you could be late to pick up your son from soccer practice. As an adult, you would need to be financially responsible to support yourself. You cant expect to be taking care of a family if you can barely support yourself. Its an adults responsibility to pay the bills of the house, and worry about the money to see if he has enough to support himself.But a responsible adult is usually good with money, so he wont be low for the month. He would know how to save money, or not waste it on anything that is not necessary. And know when to use the money if they absolutely need it, or if its a requirement thing. Respect is also an important part of being an adult. For example if you got hired at a job, and you dont like someone your goanna have to learn how to deal with them. Adults have to learn how to deal with one another in daily basics. They dont let little things get in the way of there working environment.They dont let there emotions get the best of them. They have self control which comes from being or becoming an adult. One of my role models for being an adult is my father. He is responsible by, he pays the bills, makes sure he has food in the table, and money in the bank. When things get bad or stressful he just keeps a calm mind and thinks of what the solutions are cause t hats what a responsible adult does. My dad is teaching me of responsibility not by telling me, but as me just watching him and seeing what he has to do to maintain us. I respect him for everything he has done too keep us in place.

The Diagnostic and Statistical

People have their own personal faith and belief. Our cultural and p bental upbringing deviate our lifes principles and beliefs. We whitethorn encounter differences with separate volume based on views and perception on things. And these differences among population comprise the earths diversity. There are people who are intolerant of an other(prenominal)s opinion and prejudice. They are also raged by other people belonging from a several(predicate) lead or ethnic background (Bigot). They may also feel outraged by others lifestyle and identities that are different from their own. dogmatism is the characteristic and attitude of a bigot.It is the corresponding prospect of people who are extremely judg mental other people. Bigot is a term used in describing people who are firmly devoted in their prejudices, especially when their views are threatened or challenged. It is used to confer with to people who hold blindly and intolerantly of their personal creed, opinion and belief (A damson 200). Bigot is often mistaken by people as prejudice. Most people are confused between the two words. Prejudice happens when we lean to easily judge someone or something based solely on our personal opinion or attitude. Prejudice is also a learned behavior.We are taught of what to think about people of different gender, race and disability. It is influenced by our parents and neighborhood. Bigotry is hate. It is a form of prejudice carried to an extreme manner (Martin 149). There are dissimilar kinds of credulity such as unearthly, racial, political, national and cultural bigotry. Bigotry is most likely seen in aspects of religious and political field. Many people hold fanaticism in their religious and political views. Individuals and groups tend to be blindly deluded by the belief that their religion, race, political party, nation and culture are more superior than the others.Such beliefs do them blindly and intolerant of others (Adamson 200). Based on the sessonical d efinition of psychopathology, it seems to apply on visceral bigotry. Bigotry is not considered as a sickness but it can be regarded as a disfunction based on some influential definitions of psychopathology. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of psychical Disorders define mental disorders based on distress, disability and increase in harmful effects. Alvin Poussaint, a Harvard psychiatrist, believes that bigotry fits the definition and advocates in putting it on the list.Bigotry may be a dysfunction in responding to large segments of humanity. It may compel impairment in responding healthy and responsible ways toward the targeted groups because of irrational hatred and contempt and other minus attitudes (Martin 130). If a person professes negative remarks blaming integrity mothers on the impairments of the society, it may be a form of bigotry. This may be under sexism or the belief that one judged the other based on their sex or gender and not through their capability as an i ndividual. They believe that one sex is superior than the other.This is apparent in the workplace environment where performance and capabilities are judged based on sex rather than having give away qualifications. Sexism may also happen at home, school and society or community (Forms of Bigotry). In the case of having blamed the individual mothers for the social ills in the society implies many unverified perceptions toward our women, specifically our single mothers. Single mothers refer to women raising their children in the absence of the father or their husband. Being a single mother is never an easy task. They take on many difficulties in attempt to raise their children slice earning for a living.Single mothers do not have the instigate of their husband either partially or totally. This may cause difficulty in their part. Bigots toward them may blame them for taking part on the national aid extended by the social welfare department. The government extends financial aid on poor families with trifling head of the family. There are also shelters that welcome homeless individuals. Sexists may blame the single mothers for their incapableness to find decent jobs and provide the needs of the children. They may also blame the single mothers if their children turned hatred to society.The delinquency of the children is blamed on their mothers for their incapability to rear them appropriately to become good citizens of the society. If their children become problems of the society, mothers are on the line questioning their eligibility and capability as a mother. It does not question the single fathers trying to raise their children and earn a living at the same time assuming that single fathers can perform the two tasks flawlessly at the same time. This may be viewed as a prejudice for some women, who may do better than some single fathers.Some single fathers also may be involved in neglecting their children or other types of child maltreatment. It may be a f orm of bigotry for it generalized single mothers as the culprit of social ills in the society. Being a sexist undermines the qualifications and abilities of people belonging on the other sex to take on a job or task. A sexist may view their sex as superior to others. They may view the other sex as inferior to them and not at their level. Viewing one sex as superior to other creates biases and prejudice toward the views on sex. Bigotry is involved when there is an extreme prejudice, hatred and contempt towards the other sex.Works Cited Adamson, Joseph J. What the human is Coming To?. Lincoln, NE I Universe, Inc. , 2004. Bigot. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2009. 26 January 2009 . Forms of Bigotry. articleworld. org. 24 January 2006. 26 January 2009 . Martin, Mike W. From Morality to Mental Health Virtue and Vice in a Therapeutic Culture. New York, NY Oxford University Press, Inc. , 2006. Martin, Renee J. Practicing What We Teach Confronting Diversity in Teacher Education. Alban y, New York State University of New York, 1995.

Coconut Tree Essay

The coconut tree meat tree as a tree of life is characteristically a fodder supplier as this tree provides fruit and is well-known to be devoid of any anti-nutrient factors and is known as a whole fare with 5,000 years of recorded use in solid nutrition preparation with health benefits.The fruit is edible at any stage of maturity. It provides non only a solid food but a large volume of very safe and healthy drinking water-based juice.The fruit of the coconut palm is the main source of many food products such as coconut milk/cream, keep coconut, coconut chip, coconut water, nata de coco, coconut oil, copra, etc. Apart from these, the unopened inflorescence can produce coconut sap or toddy (tuba) which can be processed into high value and nutritious food products.Coconut sap gelt, considered to be one of the best natural sweeteners, is truly a perfect and better substitute for artificial sweeteners because it is not a product of chemical laboratories, not an artificial sweete ner and not a by-product of sugar cane, not brown sugar nor muscuvado sugar.Coco sugar is good for both diabetic and non-diabetic consumers because it does not induce high blood sugar because it has a Low Glycemic index. Glycemic index (GI) is a numerical system of measuring how much of a rise in circulating blood sugar a carbohydrate triggers-the higher the number, the greater blood sugar response. So a low GI food will cause a small rise, while a high GI food will trigger the opposite. GI is about the quality of the carbohydrates, not the quantity.Coco sugar can be good for weigh maintenance. (Dr. Trinidad P. Trinidad, Scientist II of the Food and Nutrition Research Institute Department of Science and Technology.) It is in any case rich in various amino acids, vitamins and minerals that are essential for the human body to benefit.