What Slope-Intercept Form Means and How to Find It

Comparing The Functions And Power Of Judical, Legislative,...

Kutbettin Erbeyi GOVT October 12, 2014 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTION AND POWER OF JUDICAL, LEGISLATIVE, AND EXECUTIVE BRANCHES IN FEDERAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS The American Constitution has served a critical role throughout the history of the United States and has affected the powers of federal and state governments. The Constitution laid out the separation of power in government between three branches and each role that they should serve. Federalism divides power along national and state government with each holding specific duties to working together effectively. Even though some hoped for a unitary system, the U.S political system focused on giving limiting expressed power to national government while leaving rest to†¦show more content†¦Firstly, the state and federal legislative branches have several areas where they differ although the function is the same. The bicameral Texas legislature consists of 150 house and 31 senate members under the constitution with residential, age, citizenry and serving-restriction ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€generally members are Protestant and have a good education background. Members in the Texas legislature are not well paid, unlike members of the federal legislative branch. Another difference between the Texas and national legislature is that Texas only holds biennial and regular sessions in odd numbered years. In addition, the governor reserve power of calling 30 day sessions taking place per year such as school finance and social services funds.(GIBSON, 280). While there are small differences, state and federal legislative branches share similar responsibilities. For example, the legislature works with a vison of passing local, special, general and concurrent bills with joint resolution over the budget process and other important policy decisions. In Texas, Legislators introduce a large number of selected bills to debate with permission of the Senate seeking two-thirds majority to pass or veto. The U.S legislative branch runs in a similar way with some exceptions, such as reserving greater power and responsibility to Congress, which is made up of the Senate and House of

The Advent of the Renaissance Free Essays

To what extent is the term â€Å"Renaissance† a valid concept for a distinct period in early modern European history? Prior to the 14th century, the Middle Ages revolved around the basic understanding of the Bible. Middle to lower class citizens relied heavily on the teachings of the priest’s and blindly followed their ways of living. The church discouraged any new concepts and believed that life on Earth was simply a preparation for the after life. We will write a custom essay sample on The Advent of the Renaissance or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Renaissance, ranging from the 14th to 16th entries, became a distinct period in European history due to the increase in trade, influence of art and the artist, and the growing phenomenon of individual thinking, as this will lead to future exploration and economic advances. Italy, the epicenter of Renaissance culture, was able to advance their society through a growth in economic stability. As ships and trade routes began to advance technologically, the Italian merchant class also grew. Italian merchants and sailors would import goods from all over Europe, such as wool from England, and ship them o other countries. The risks of such endeavors were high, but the end profit was even higher. This new industry not only stabilized the Italian economy, but it eventually led to the development of the Urban Nobility class, who strongly contributed to the Renaissance efforts. During the Renaissance, the influence of art and the artist grew extensively. Artists in the Middle Ages worked strictly on religious pieces for the church and many struggled to make a reasonable living. Art during the Renaissance was in high demand. Every rich and powerful family used works of art as a way to flaunt their wealth and demonstrate their lavish lifestyle. The technique of dark and light was added to show depth and dimension. Artists also began to use realism, painting more realistic faces and bodies, as this was a newly accepted style. Some of the highly influential Renaissance artists include Michelangelo, Leonardo dad Vinci, Raphael, and Ghetto. Their works were not only revolutionary for their time, but they continue to be inspirations for the modern day artist. Through the invention of the printing press, revolutionary thinkers were able to communicate their theories to the mass population, an opportunity that was never accessible prior to the Renaissance. Three main proprietary concepts were developed in this time. The ideas of humanism, individualism, and secularism dominated the Renaissance culture like never before. Humanists emerged with a newfound interest in the classics. They studied these works in order to discover more about human nature. Individualists prioritize the potential of the human being. They believed that everyone should have to opportunity to be the best they can possibly be. Secularism was the basic concern with the material world, as opposed to the spiritual world. These ideas strongly opposed the teachings of the church, yet they continued to spread rapidly and strongly. Coming out of a banal period in western culture, the Renaissance brought on countless revolutionary thinkers that worked to open the eyes of their peers and make an impact on society. The Renaissance was an explosion of revolutionary ideas that spread all across Europe. For the first time in centuries, artists, merchants, writers, and philosophers alike were able to express themselves in an amazing way. Many of the greatest minds that we often look back to for inspiration originated from the Renaissance era. Their ideas made a lasting impact on culture, then and now. The Renaissance would not have been such a distinct period if not for the combined efforts of every possible industry and art form. How to cite The Advent of the Renaissance, Papers

Ad Blocking and the Privacy Background for an Ethical Approach

Question: Discuss about theAd Blocking and the Privacy Background for an Ethical Approach. Answer: Introduction Ads can be super annoying especially when they interrupt your content by constant pop-ups or auto play videos on your site. They are more frustrating when they breach ones privacy. It is quite alarming that when you search for a product like Vanilla' on Google the next time you visit Face book you see an ad for Vanilla. How does Face book get the information about which websites you visit? In the last quarter of 2015, news was all over that ad companies could communicate between the current devices (Cecil, 2015). Due to these trends, companies have created software to block unwanted ads from appearing on the users devices. The failure by the advertisers to fix the network will call for adoption of the ad-blockers. This will be a disadvantage to the advertising companies, and they will be forced to either pay the ad blocking technologies to white list their stuff lest they collapse (Taylor, 2015). Trusting the ad-blockers to block the advertisers ads would be similar to the phenomenon of the cat guarding the milk pot. The Ethical Dilemma In the modern internet subculture, advertising companies seek to collect more data from the consumers than ever before in history. The internet related companies are faced with a dilemma that cuts across the privacy of the consumers and the profits against one another. This paper surveys this moral dilemma and gives some insights and recommendations that companies and stakeholders should explore about ensuring privacy in the modern digital era. Utilitarian Analysis The utilitarian theory is a normative ethical theory grounded on the ideas of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill (Bowden Smythe, 2010). The philosophers argue that the goals of our daily acts whether good or bad are channeled towards some effect (Shoemaker, 2011). The goodness of the consequences of individual acts justifies the means followed, whether desirable or non-desirable. The utilitarian approach has been ranked the top theory to be applied in the dilemma of online privacy. The fact that the situation involves a wide range of stakeholders, with the aim of maximizing opportunities, explains the reason why this theory is the most just way to analyze the dilemma. Those who subscribe to the utilitarian approach argue that humans should build on utilities. Precisely, happiness and value should be maximized and loss and harm minimized (Bock, 2015). The primary focus of this theory is laid on the major stakeholders: the internet consumers and the companies offering the web services. Ideally, the web services companies would be closed down, and there would be no privacy concerns to be anxious about. In the other hand, the internet users would have no service providers to control their data. Since the consumers have little knowledge about the internet, they will be absolutely unable to manage their data (Bock, 2015). Internet service providers should first con duct a utility test on the consumer data to be obtained. A good rapport ought to be created between consumers and the technology based industries. The negative impact of the data collection practices should be considered rather than engaging in profit based attractions. Also, when companies engage much data from the consumers, there is a likelihood of destabilizing the trust from the clients. Most probably, users will avoid the sites collecting too much data from them leading to a collapse. Deontological Analysis The deontological theory is a prominent moral approach put across by a celebrated philosopher named Immanuel Kant (Marques, 2015). The theory is substantially rooted on the assumption that all the decision reached is aimed to meet a preset maxim (the intention of the act) (Bowden Smythe, 2010). This implies that our intentions determine our daily actions. Kant presupposes that humans are guided by a universal code of moral conduct. This contributes to his conclusion that a decision must be guided by goodwill. Good' is universal, and thus it applies to all. In this perspective, an act is good by itself and does not need a justification from the outcome. In the application of the deontological theory to the moral dilemma one fundamental concept ought to be considered, the goodness of the act.' The action to be examined in this case as earlier mentioned in the ethical dilemma is the interference with consumer privacy.' Ideally, all the states in the world condemn the violation of one's privacy. Any individual or firm accused of violating the rule of privacy should be taken through serious legal measures. If all states disregard this act, then it is universally wrong. It is not good by itself, and therefore it cannot be justified by Kantian moral theory. Virtue Theory Analysis The virtue ethics theory was propounded by a Greek philosopher, Aristotle. Aristotle proposes that an individual who is well endowed with virtues has an ideal moral character (Stocker, 2011). He pays more attention to the centrality of personality and character. What gears people towards doing the right? According to Aristotle, it is either because they have amoral duty to do so or to gratify the moral obligation of their state (Stocker, 2011). The virtue theory deduces that all human activities are aimed at a good goal. However, Aristotle stresses on the need to strike a balance between desires and delight. Therefore, the role-players in any dilemma should adhere to the moral dictates to reach a credible solution. A righteous person acts consistently and honors his/her boundaries. He or she always commits to his/her set code of moral conduct. The internet dependent companies ought to exercise this. Their moral stands should not be swayed by desires. Violating privacy is obviously not an act of virtue. The companies should safeguard the privacy of their clients at all costs. The advertisers must practice an ideal moral character. To ensure a more transparent ecosystem, there is the need to keep off the controversial game on the internet. The virtue ethical approach requires any organization to be self-reflective to determine whether its behavior is fulfilling enough to meet its vision (Holley, 2012). Companies with strong virtues do not engage in data tracking and surveillance. Contrast Theory Analysis The contract-based theory assumes that an act is qualified to be good or dismissed to be bad by justice (Cha, 2015). This means that the good and bad must be in line with the ideas of the society structuring a social contract. This theory stresses on the need to consider not only our interests but also the happiness of the others. About the moral dilemma, all the stakeholders playing a role on the internet have to create an ecosystem that could accommodate all their interests (Berry, 2010). To ensure this, the consumers must loosen their privacy conditions, and the service producers avoid creeping too much into the consumer content. Conclusion The best way for enhancing privacy in the internet servers is only through taking a great caution while using the internet. The consumers should read and understand the privacy policies outlined in the sites and avoid the websites that they dislike their policies. However putting the whole load on the consumers could be impractical and unjust. The industries and the government should also address the ethical issue. In order to reach a plausible conclusion, all the ethical theories should be considered. With the basics of utility, virtue, and rights, the decision makers will be able to satisfactorily address the issues surrounding internet privacy. References Berry, D. M. (2010). Internet research: privacy, ethics and alienation: an open source approach. Internet Research, 14(4), 323-332. Bock, M. (2015, March 11). The Ethics of Internet Software and Consumer Privacy. Retrieved September 13, 2017, from Medium: https://medium.com/@michaelrbock/the-ethics-of-internet-software-and-consumer-privacy-a798b8b3edc8 Bowden, P., Smythe, V. (2010). Theories on Teaching Training Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 13(2), 21-24. Cecil, A. (2015, November 19). 11 ad blockers to protect your privacy. Retrieved September 18, 2017, from Policy Genius: https://www.policygenius.com/blog/11-ad-blockers-to-protect-your-privacy/ Cha, M.-R. (2015). Neo-Confucianism and Modern Virtue Ethics : On the Contrast between Self-Cultivation and Personal Ethics. The Journal of Moral Education, 27(1), 23. Holley, R. (2012). The Ethics of Scholarly Research and the Internet: Issues of Publication, Privacy, and the Right to Speak. Journal of Information Ethics, 15(1), 27-34. Marques, J. (2015). Universalism and Utilitarianism: An Evaluation of. The Journal of Values-Based Leadership, 8(2), 1-11. SHOEMAKER, D. W. (2011). Utilitarianism and Personal Identity. The Journal of Value Inquiry, 33(183), 183-197. Stocker, M. (2011). The Schizophrenia of Modern Ethical Theories. The Journal of Philosophy, 73(14), 453-466. Taylor, H. (2015, November 9). Privacy will hit tipping point in 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2017, from CNBC: https://www.cnbc.com/2015/11/09/privacy-will-hit-tipping-point-in-2016.html

Case Analysis of Coca Cola India Crisis Essay Example

Case Analysis of Coca Cola India Crisis Essay Case analysis of the Coca-Cola India Crisis 1. What are the key problems that Gupta should focus on in the short term and in the long term? In looking at the situation, hindsight is always 20/20. Gupta would have benefited from the eight steps of crisis management. Step 1: Get control of the situation. Gupta needed to define the real problem, use reliable information, and a measurable communication objective for handling it. Step 2: Gather as much information as possible: Gupta quickly reacted to the situation without taking a fair and objective look at the facts in the statements being made. Gupta’s reaction was emotional and attacked the credibility of the Center for Science and Environment ( hereafter CSE). Step 3: Set up a centralized crisis management center: As Gupta was gathering the right information from the right people he should have made arrangement for creating a crisis center for the constituents, that is, media, employees, customers, and government. Creating a crisis center would have made Coke India look more sympathetic and human. Instead, Gupta went on the attack and published a letter that was callous and focused only on the potential impairment of business; not the safety of lives. Step 4:Comminicate early and often: Gupta should have made a plea in person especially since the crisis involved the threat to lives. He could have avoided any panic by hiring a public relations firm to assist him during this process. He should have expressed concern for the public safety rather than focus on profits and conspiracy theories. Step 5:Understand the media’s mission in a crisis: We will write a custom essay sample on Case Analysis of Coca Cola India Crisis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Case Analysis of Coca Cola India Crisis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Case Analysis of Coca Cola India Crisis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Gupta should have created an alliance with certain member’s of the media. A public relations firm would have been an asset. Step 6: Communicate directly with affected constituents: Gupta needed to communicate directly to his employees the position of Coke during this crisis. The employees were the mouthpiece to the community and the media. Everyone one needed a consistent story. Half-truths and rumors would only inflame the situation. Gupta also needed to consider which constituents were the top priority. Communicating with these constituents would filter the information that would be published. In this case, I believe he should have been communicating not only with the media but also with the government as well as any customers affected by the crisis. Step 7: Remember that business must continue: At this point Gupta needed to take a step back and look at which areas of the company will be most affected by the crisis. Are there certain divisions that are short handed because the impromptu crisis management team had taken them away from their usual duties? Did they need to start thinking about a promotional campaign to rebound from the situation? Did they have an exit and re-entrance strategy? Step 8: Make plans to avoid another crisis immediately: Gupta should have been somewhat prepared for this crisis because Coke has had similar incidents in the past such as the Belgium incident. They should have followed the lead of Coke Belgium by not only implementing an aggressive public relations campaign, but also put a crisis management plan and team in place while the motivation was still high to learn from mistakes. Long Term:Gupta needs to integrate the eight steps of crisis management into a crisis policy. This policy should include a campaign to assure customers of continuous safety monitoring, as well partnering with the CSE, government and other evaluators, and regulatory organizations. Together they could create and implement a consumer safety policy. They should also have set up a public relations campaign that highlights combined efforts to exceed safety and environmental standards of excellence within the industry. Short Term: Immediately there should have been a press conference with Gupta stating that they are doing everything imaginable to isolate contaminated bottles for consumer safety until further testing could be done. This would show that Coke puts public safety before profits. Pepsi and Coke did a good job of showing a united front, however, there should have been more emphasis on the effort to provide safety as well as investigating the contamination claims. 2. How would you evaluate the crisis? As the number one brand in the world, Coke has defined excellence in quality and marketing. Vilifying Coke is like vilifying Disney World or Hershey’s Chocolate. With all the resources that Coke has, there was no concentrated effort by Corporate Coke (America) to rally behind India. In my opinion, it seemed that if Coke had presented a global united front, emphasizing public safety, then some of the repercussions (Michigan State’s Coke boycott) could have been avoided. The initial plan to â€Å"deny, deny, deny† and â€Å"attack, attack, attack† showed an uncaring and unsympathetic face to the world. The public perception was that the soft drink industry was more interested in profits and maintaining their brand positioning rather than aggressively investigating the claim and recalling the product. The outright assault on the validity of the CSE’s findings was a mistake. It would have been better to cooperate with the CSE in order to get third party testing done. The CSE, was a respected organization. It generates awareness of consumer health and well-being. Coke immediately criticized the validity of the CSE testing results. . Their initial efforts of the myth versus fact website was effective. However, in my opinion, when Coke and Pepsi united for the press conference, it seemed that it was big corporation versus public safety advocacy groups. Though showing solidarity was effective, the companies should have put more emphasis on the public safety. Crisis is not new for Coke. The Belgium debacle should have given them an outline of how to deal with the crisis. Coke Belgium issued an immediate recall and a public statement that emphasized that safety came first. Hiring an independent toxicologist to test and report on findings would have been more effective. 3. How well prepared was Coke India to deal with the CSE’s allegations? Gupta should have been prepared by the Kinley water crisis. The Center for Science and Environment had evaluated the product. They reported evidence of pesticides in Kinley Water which was a Coke brand. The Center for Science and Environment further stated :â€Å"if what we found in bottled water was correct, then what about soft drinks? † This is a direct statement indicating the soft drinks were next on the list. The Company turned a blind eye to this impending disaster. Coke essentially ignored the Kinley water controversy and luckily it faded away before any real impact was made. Furthermore, there had been no regulation of the soft drink industry at the time when the reports were published. With no regulation in the soft drink industry there was fertile ground for controversy. What is surprising is that the company had excellent record of corporate social responsibility policies. Coke had dedicated itself to environmental responsibilities in India, which included ground water surveys before selecting the sites. Maybe they were too over confident in the environmental assessment of the sites. Coke’s initial and quick response was to deny any and all allegations of tainting and fire back accusations of faulty science. Coke’s assurance that the product was safe was secondary to their claim of misleading and unaccredited data. 4. What is your recommendation for Coke’s communication strategy. Who are the key constituents? Communicate early and often! Coke now has to restore confidence in its key constituents: customers, employees, investors, government and non-government organizations. The first recommendation would be to create an internal chain of communication. Communication about their crisis management plan needed to be sent out to all employees to reassure them that they are taking the necessary steps to correct the issue. The employees likely would talk to their families, neighbors and perhaps the press. There needs to be a consistent message from Coke within the community. It would be advisable to have team meetings and crisis updates to make sure that everyone has a consistent message. There should also be an internal website with a directory of the crisis management team. The website would allow employees to share what they are experiencing or hearing from the community. The next recommendation would be to set up a press conference and partner with the media to assure them that Coke is doing everything possible in regard to testing for safety and removing any contaminants from the water supply before manufacturing. They need to be more forthcoming and transparent with information. There should be a toll free hotline and a website for communications to update the public and questions and answers. There should be a link on this website to an emergency medicine website, hotline with tips and helpful health information for the community. There should be an interface with the government. Coke needs to create standard of excellence program that exceeds the PML , EPA and EED standards. Since Coke already has a good social responsibility policy, they should increase their environmental protection programs to concentrate on the Indian community. It should coincide with their marketing of â€Å"Think local, act local†. Their marketing should emphasize Coke employees working in the local community to improve environmental conditions and quality of life in the local community. There should be an attempt to put together a think tank of scientists, Coca Cola members, Center for Science and Environment members, and government. This think tank would monitor and work to improve the pesticide levels in the environment. Finally Coke needs to put together a website for investors to keep an accurate account of sales stock prices. This would provide updated information about Coke India and their quality control. This website should include photos and videos of Coke helping to restore value in the community by their environment efforts, and progress of the think tank with regard to the pesticide levels. 5. Could Coke India have avoided the crisis? Coke also had the Belgium example to follow. Belgium’s plan of action was swift and decisive. If Coke had responded quickly and adequately to the Kinley water crisis, this could have been avoided. Steps should have been taken to immediately to correct the Kinley water situation and subsequently he soft drinks. This would have been a perfect time to partner with the CSE to review the safety findings. An alliance with the CSE would have gone far for Coke’s public image. The steps that I proposed in question 1 should be taken. 6. What should Gupta do now? This is an opportunity for Gupta to publicly increase and exceed standards. This is a chance to generat e awareness about the company’s focus on environmental issues. Coke should create a campaign to work with other environmental organizations and create a cleaner India and a greener Coke. Gupta should focus most of his efforts in committing to public safety and improving the local community in India. Once faith is restored in the brand, the momentum will increase sales and thus investor confidence. Coke should not only implement a crisis management plan but also set up a strategic alliance with the CSE and other NGO’s to initiate a caring Coke campaign. Gupta should put together a transparency policy with the public. Coke should continue its efforts to build social programs with emphasis on education, environmental and water safety and public health initiatives. Case Analysis of Coca Cola India Crisis Essay Example Case Analysis of Coca Cola India Crisis Paper Case analysis of the Coca-Cola India Crisis 1. What are the key problems that Gupta should focus on in the short term and in the long term? In looking at the situation, hindsight is always 20/20. Gupta would have benefited from the eight steps of crisis management. Step 1: Get control of the situation. Gupta needed to define the real problem, use reliable information, and a measurable communication objective for handling it. Step 2: Gather as much information as possible: Gupta quickly reacted to the situation without taking a fair and objective look at the facts in the statements being made. Gupta’s reaction was emotional and attacked the credibility of the Center for Science and Environment ( hereafter CSE). Step 3: Set up a centralized crisis management center: As Gupta was gathering the right information from the right people he should have made arrangement for creating a crisis center for the constituents, that is, media, employees, customers, and government. Creating a crisis center would have made Coke India look more sympathetic and human. Instead, Gupta went on the attack and published a letter that was callous and focused only on the potential impairment of business; not the safety of lives. Step 4:Comminicate early and often: Gupta should have made a plea in person especially since the crisis involved the threat to lives. He could have avoided any panic by hiring a public relations firm to assist him during this process. He should have expressed concern for the public safety rather than focus on profits and conspiracy theories. Step 5:Understand the media’s mission in a crisis: We will write a custom essay sample on Case Analysis of Coca Cola India Crisis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Case Analysis of Coca Cola India Crisis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Case Analysis of Coca Cola India Crisis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Gupta should have created an alliance with certain member’s of the media. A public relations firm would have been an asset. Step 6: Communicate directly with affected constituents: Gupta needed to communicate directly to his employees the position of Coke during this crisis. The employees were the mouthpiece to the community and the media. Everyone one needed a consistent story. Half-truths and rumors would only inflame the situation. Gupta also needed to consider which constituents were the top priority. Communicating with these constituents would filter the information that would be published. In this case, I believe he should have been communicating not only with the media but also with the government as well as any customers affected by the crisis. Step 7: Remember that business must continue: At this point Gupta needed to take a step back and look at which areas of the company will be most affected by the crisis. Are there certain divisions that are short handed because the impromptu crisis management team had taken them away from their usual duties? Did they need to start thinking about a promotional campaign to rebound from the situation? Did they have an exit and re-entrance strategy? Step 8: Make plans to avoid another crisis immediately: Gupta should have been somewhat prepared for this crisis because Coke has had similar incidents in the past such as the Belgium incident. They should have followed the lead of Coke Belgium by not only implementing an aggressive public relations campaign, but also put a crisis management plan and team in place while the motivation was still high to learn from mistakes. Long Term:Gupta needs to integrate the eight steps of crisis management into a crisis policy. This policy should include a campaign to assure customers of continuous safety monitoring, as well partnering with the CSE, government and other evaluators, and regulatory organizations. Together they could create and implement a consumer safety policy. They should also have set up a public relations campaign that highlights combined efforts to exceed safety and environmental standards of excellence within the industry. Short Term: Immediately there should have been a press conference with Gupta stating that they are doing everything imaginable to isolate contaminated bottles for consumer safety until further testing could be done. This would show that Coke puts public safety before profits. Pepsi and Coke did a good job of showing a united front, however, there should have been more emphasis on the effort to provide safety as well as investigating the contamination claims. 2. How would you evaluate the crisis? As the number one brand in the world, Coke has defined excellence in quality and marketing. Vilifying Coke is like vilifying Disney World or Hershey’s Chocolate. With all the resources that Coke has, there was no concentrated effort by Corporate Coke (America) to rally behind India. In my opinion, it seemed that if Coke had presented a global united front, emphasizing public safety, then some of the repercussions (Michigan State’s Coke boycott) could have been avoided. The initial plan to â€Å"deny, deny, deny† and â€Å"attack, attack, attack† showed an uncaring and unsympathetic face to the world. The public perception was that the soft drink industry was more interested in profits and maintaining their brand positioning rather than aggressively investigating the claim and recalling the product. The outright assault on the validity of the CSE’s findings was a mistake. It would have been better to cooperate with the CSE in order to get third party testing done. The CSE, was a respected organization. It generates awareness of consumer health and well-being. Coke immediately criticized the validity of the CSE testing results. . Their initial efforts of the myth versus fact website was effective. However, in my opinion, when Coke and Pepsi united for the press conference, it seemed that it was big corporation versus public safety advocacy groups. Though showing solidarity was effective, the companies should have put more emphasis on the public safety. Crisis is not new for Coke. The Belgium debacle should have given them an outline of how to deal with the crisis. Coke Belgium issued an immediate recall and a public statement that emphasized that safety came first. Hiring an independent toxicologist to test and report on findings would have been more effective. 3. How well prepared was Coke India to deal with the CSE’s allegations? Gupta should have been prepared by the Kinley water crisis. The Center for Science and Environment had evaluated the product. They reported evidence of pesticides in Kinley Water which was a Coke brand. The Center for Science and Environment further stated :â€Å"if what we found in bottled water was correct, then what about soft drinks? † This is a direct statement indicating the soft drinks were next on the list. The Company turned a blind eye to this impending disaster. Coke essentially ignored the Kinley water controversy and luckily it faded away before any real impact was made. Furthermore, there had been no regulation of the soft drink industry at the time when the reports were published. With no regulation in the soft drink industry there was fertile ground for controversy. What is surprising is that the company had excellent record of corporate social responsibility policies. Coke had dedicated itself to environmental responsibilities in India, which included ground water surveys before selecting the sites. Maybe they were too over confident in the environmental assessment of the sites. Coke’s initial and quick response was to deny any and all allegations of tainting and fire back accusations of faulty science. Coke’s assurance that the product was safe was secondary to their claim of misleading and unaccredited data. 4. What is your recommendation for Coke’s communication strategy. Who are the key constituents? Communicate early and often! Coke now has to restore confidence in its key constituents: customers, employees, investors, government and non-government organizations. The first recommendation would be to create an internal chain of communication. Communication about their crisis management plan needed to be sent out to all employees to reassure them that they are taking the necessary steps to correct the issue. The employees likely would talk to their families, neighbors and perhaps the press. There needs to be a consistent message from Coke within the community. It would be advisable to have team meetings and crisis updates to make sure that everyone has a consistent message. There should also be an internal website with a directory of the crisis management team. The website would allow employees to share what they are experiencing or hearing from the community. The next recommendation would be to set up a press conference and partner with the media to assure them that Coke is doing everything possible in regard to testing for safety and removing any contaminants from the water supply before manufacturing. They need to be more forthcoming and transparent with information. There should be a toll free hotline and a website for communications to update the public and questions and answers. There should be a link on this website to an emergency medicine website, hotline with tips and helpful health information for the community. There should be an interface with the government. Coke needs to create standard of excellence program that exceeds the PML , EPA and EED standards. Since Coke already has a good social responsibility policy, they should increase their environmental protection programs to concentrate on the Indian community. It should coincide with their marketing of â€Å"Think local, act local†. Their marketing should emphasize Coke employees working in the local community to improve environmental conditions and quality of life in the local community. There should be an attempt to put together a think tank of scientists, Coca Cola members, Center for Science and Environment members, and government. This think tank would monitor and work to improve the pesticide levels in the environment. Finally Coke needs to put together a website for investors to keep an accurate account of sales stock prices. This would provide updated information about Coke India and their quality control. This website should include photos and videos of Coke helping to restore value in the community by their environment efforts, and progress of the think tank with regard to the pesticide levels. 5. Could Coke India have avoided the crisis? Coke also had the Belgium example to follow. Belgium’s plan of action was swift and decisive. If Coke had responded quickly and adequately to the Kinley water crisis, this could have been avoided. Steps should have been taken to immediately to correct the Kinley water situation and subsequently he soft drinks. This would have been a perfect time to partner with the CSE to review the safety findings. An alliance with the CSE would have gone far for Coke’s public image. The steps that I proposed in question 1 should be taken. 6. What should Gupta do now? This is an opportunity for Gupta to publicly increase and exceed standards. This is a chance to generat e awareness about the company’s focus on environmental issues. Coke should create a campaign to work with other environmental organizations and create a cleaner India and a greener Coke. Gupta should focus most of his efforts in committing to public safety and improving the local community in India. Once faith is restored in the brand, the momentum will increase sales and thus investor confidence. Coke should not only implement a crisis management plan but also set up a strategic alliance with the CSE and other NGO’s to initiate a caring Coke campaign. Gupta should put together a transparency policy with the public. Coke should continue its efforts to build social programs with emphasis on education, environmental and water safety and public health initiatives.

crime control Essays

crime control Essays crime control Essay crime control Essay Garland, D. 2001. The culture of control. Oxford: Clarendon. The culture of control of David Garland describes the huge changes and developments of criminal Justice and crime control system since the 1970s, as well as the changes of attitude and responses to crime of societies both in the United Kingdom and the USA. The main aim of this book is to explain and observe how come that crime control happened to be so unpredictable, and how those two societies path of historical development of crime control appeared to be practically the contrary of that which was expected. And more importantly this book is focused on how these historical changes in such different fields as sociology, economy and politics have had such a noticeable effect on the developing structures of crime control and public order in the UK and the USA. Accordingly, one of the Garlands arguments in this book is that any major transformations in social grounds lead to the correlative alterations in the structure of crime control (p. 7). In doing so, Garland put an effort to integrate changes in different fields in order to explain what the structure of the modern Justice system is and changes it is shaped by. This book includes eight chapters each of which to contemplate Justice system and crime control. The starting point in answering the questions mentioned above is comparison old and modern crime control and criminal Justice systems in the UK and the USA, which was made in the first chapter. Furthermore, to make this kind of evaluation, in Garlands view, it is crucial to evaluate changes in historical: when the discontinuity started, penalogical: change in the way of discerning and acting on crime, sharp shift of the hierarchy of criminal Justice systems organisations, and inally sociological background of both British and American societies. In addition, list of the most important streams of change, such as the reappearance of corrective sanctions as a result of public outcry and anger, that consequently has led to invocation of peoples opinion in support of new laws and penal policies, which, in turn, resulted in politicization and the new populism, occurring over the past three decades were explored and broadly explained. In another David Garlands criminological book named Punishment and Modern Society (1990) the system of prisons was broadly discussed and critically analysed. In this book Garland criticised the prison to fail correctionalist objectives, and, according to him, the rates of imprisonment declined, while monetary penalties increased harshly (Garland, 1990, p. 149). However, in The culture of Control Garland found this rates to went up and the reinvention of the prison was listed to be one of the major changes taken place in last 30 years both in the I-JK and the USA. It was explained by huge changes of criminological ideas, which used to regard crime as a result of relative deprivation, therefore, according to this theory, person becomes delinquent because of the poor ducation or social injustice, whereas since 1970 control theories, the base of which is assumed to be perfectibility of human-being, were widely adopted, and social control, self-control became dominant subjects of the modern criminal Justice in making policies (p. As a resul t, there were developed innovative criminological and corrective viewpoints, whose the main purpose was to control the occurrence of crime through techniques of social control. While discussing the limitations of the penal-welfare state, Garland mentioned this theory to be emphasized on crime revention, safety of the nation and upholding the order in society by legislators and the public itself. The next few chapters move on to the discussion of how these radical changes in the total crime control arena were formed not only by forces which have influenced the criminal Justice system directly, but also by broader social, economic, and political changes that took place in the United States and Great Britain and were described by huge growth in both of these countries. The author attributes much of this change to industrial and technical progresses uch as mass media, also a growing structure of social and commercial stratification, environmental changes, as well as the transformations in the construction of relationships within family. Furthermore, it was argued that changes which occurred were the result of the numerous national and global calamities that have been plunged. All the social and political transformations mentioned above apparently contributed to the expansion of conflicting political and cultural opinions that reproduced following variations to the structure of social control. In sum, the first our chapters of the book provide a full clarification of the procedures that ended up with the development of a new crime control strategy for the USA and the I-JK. While the next two sections provide an explanation on how politicians and legislators, administrative agencies and criminal Justice specialists replied to difficulties that rose from growing crime rates, as well as the in ability of the contemporary Justice system to meet the publics requests of crime control. According to this view, approval given by public and government is the base for the comparative success of ny crime control. In these chapters the author sought to create a straight connection between the whole mechanisms of the criminal Justice system and the objectives of other organisations. Publics and legislators are viewed to exert an unlimited deal of effect over present social control strategies. This book implies that criminal Justice organizations reply to the requirements of those to whom they are obliged by adjusting their public control responses. The most important conclusion that is considered to be made by Garland in two final chapters is that official social control esponses of criminal Justice institutions are reliant on a certain extent of mutuality with other organizations of informal social control, what consequently leads criminal justice system to be dependent on politicians and legislators who pass and control the law. Also the concluding part of the book contains a brief discussion of the future. In this regard, Garland anticipates times of economic improvements for states and the federal government, as well as as the noticeable decrease of rates of unemployment and gradually declining criminality rates at the first half of the twenty-first century. However, he also predicts that our society is holding the direction towards even more retributory measures, which was described as distinctive feature of the current structure of crime control, and that this track could require extra financial outlay, especially its cost is expected to be most tangible in the long-run future. Hence, he questions the effectiveness of our existing system of social control in tavour ot the penal-weltare structure ot the twentieth century, whose advantages and positive impacts were clearly discussed in Managing Modernity written by Matt Matravers. Where he points out advantages of penal-welfarism as hilosophy of criminal Justice sysem, which supports the point of view that criminals should own the right and the optimistic incentive to achieve chances for improvement in the criminal Justice system (Matavers, 2005, p. ) To draw a conclusion, the book provides an outstanding and broad contrast between crime control system of the past, which was ruled by the penal-welfare ideal, and the recent one, which is considered to be more flexible punitive scheme of social control that developed in the last three decades. This book not only describes the procedures and internal processes of the contemporary crime control system in nusual way and details , paying attention to criminal Justice structure reactions and adaptations to present delinquency control problems, but also it tries to predict the effects of the modern criminological theory and consequences it could lead to in the future. The progression of the contemporary crime control in the UK and he USA was explored and observed from variety angles that this is difficult for me to think of uncovered aspects of this field. And this, according to my mind, resulted in unclear organization of the book. That is, it is often difficult to identify how details of each hapter related to the main argument of the author and consequently, this makes the reader look through the previous pages in order to understand the link and not get confused . Despite the fact that Garlands writing style of The Culture of Control was thorough; the feeling of poor relatedness accompanied me throughout the reading. The high extent of intersection of huge amount of materials could be found to be too complicated to comprehend the aim of each chapter for non-professional in the field of criminal Justice philosophy and crime control literature. Another disenchantment f the book is that it did not provide broad comparison of the development of criminal Justice system between the states of America and Great Britain, which was expected, according to the plan of Garland, to include a range of similarities as well as the differences. There was not clear and systematic contrast on British and American crime controls, that is, some parts of the book have more emphasis on British system, while the others on United States one. Nevertheless, the book delivers a detailed explanation of the forces that have Joint together and contributed to the development of todays crime control system. This book would undeniably be valuable and informative source for expansion the familiarity with sophisticated processes that have developed our social control. Therefore, university students or readers interested or involved into criminological field are expected to advantage from David Garlands investigation of crime and the noticeable shifting of our modern societys reactions to it. References: Garland, D. 1990. Punishment and modern society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Garland, D 2001. The culture ot control. Oxtord: Clarendon. Matravers, M. 2005. Managing modernity. London: Routledge.

Arena Simulation of STR Manufacturing Process Dissertation

Arena Simulation of STR Manufacturing Process - Dissertation Example The present research has identified that Thai Hua Rubber PCL is one of the largest rubber producer and exporter in Thailand. Most of the product is concerning a production of rubber, for example, RSS (Ribbed Smoked sheets), RSS Compound (Ribbed smoked sheets compounds), STR (Standard Thai rubber), Concentrated Latex, ADS (Air Dried Sheets). However, focus product in this research would be STR (Standard Thai rubber) for which we see a manifold increase in demand. The research is aimed to identify measure and analyze the main problems in oven and packaging zone of production flow. The solution of the problem and its further validation by using Arena Simulation is also within the scope of this project. In order to improve the production, data was collected from the company’s existing processes and management information systems. The area of focus was the company’s production and quality control processes. Initially, the company’s existing scenario was simulated by u sing Arena Simulation programming method. Then in-depth analysis was conducted to find out the main problem in the production line and a solution was devised based on lean manufacturing methods. Lean manufacturing is the customer focus approach to deliver or supply what customer demands in the desired form and free of defects and in time. It further aims to reduce all types of wastes encountered during production processes that may impede overall productivity and increase costs. Main tools of lean manufacturing include but are not limited to 5S, TPM, 6 Sigma, and Kaizen. The transformation from a non-lean setup to a lean manufacturing system is critical and requires a systematic approach for this transition to avoid any major breakdown.

Logics - Analysis of an Article by Peter Kreeft Essay

Logics - Analysis of an Article by Peter Kreeft - Essay Example Apart from many articles, he has written many books such as The Snakebite Letters, The Philosophy of Jesus, The Journey: A Spiritual Roadmap for Modern Pilgrims, Prayer: The Great Conversation: Straight Answers to Tough Questions About Prayer etc. The major idea behind this article â€Å"The Apple Argument Against Abortion† is to educate people about the consequences of performing abortion. Peter Kreeft argues against abortion in a philosophical manner throughout this article. He is making in depth analysis of the abortion issue with the help of answering certain questions like Who human are, what are the rights of human, why abortion is wrong etc and topics such as basis of morality, differences between the rights of all people and the rights of some people, arguments from skepticism etc. He also tries to analyze different cases with respect to abortion by taking different combinations such as; The fetus is a person, and we know that The fetus is a person, but we don't know t hat The fetus isn't a person, but we don't know that The fetus isn't a person, and we know that (Kreeft, 2000) Approach This article is mainly analytical in nature. The author tries to avoid the use of any instinctive methods in this article. He has analyzed abortion from various angles. Different dimensions of abortion were beautifully explained in this article. For example, the author took the example of an apple and the understanding of ordinary people about it, to attract the attention of the readers towards the topic. Since the author is a philosopher, a philosophical approach can be visible throughout this article. He explains various dimensions of abortion with the help of comparisons, analogies etc. It is difficult for ordinary people to understand the problems associated with abortion, especially the moral issues. The author tries to explain all those issues in a simple, but comprehensive manner so that anybody who decide to perform abortion may think twice or thrice before doing so, after reading this article. In short, the author succeeded in persuading the readers of this article to argue against abortion. Different kinds of reasoning in the article Inductive, deductive, causal and analogical reasoning techniques were used throughout this article. The following paragraph is an example of an inductive argument present in this article. I have heard it argued that we do not treat any other species in the traditional way — that is, we do not assign equal rights to all mice. Some we kill (those that get into our houses and prove to be pests); others we take good care of and preserve (those that we find useful in laboratory experiments or those we adopt as pets); still others we simply ignore (mice in the wild). The argument concludes that therefore, it is only sentiment or tradition (the two are often confused, as if nothing rational could be passed down by tradition) that assigns rights to all members of our own species (Kreeft, 2000). The above argument is an example of inductive reasoning. It is not necessary that the argument needs to be 100% right to make it as an example of inductive reasoning. It should be noted that cultures like Buddhism or Jainism treats any type of killing - killing of animal or killing of human - as a sin. But cultures like Islam or Christianity do not treat killing of animals as a sin. In short, the above argument may not be conclusive or correct everywhere, but it helps the author to strengthen his arguments

Learning Disabilities in Adult life Research Paper - 1

Learning Disabilities in Adult life - Research Paper Example t, most challenged adults suffer from depression and, hence, it is or utmost urgency to monitor behavioural and cognitive patterns (Mattek & Wierzbicki, 1998). Another aspect which needs to be examined is the impact on their health and well being as a result of such learning disabilities. This may lead to several psychological issues like aggressiveness, sadness and anxiety (Davis et al. 2009). Accordingly, researchers also have to find out the required treatment and medication in order to control the behavioural issues such adults face. In fact, scholars have proposed antipsychotics as the treatment of preference (Unwin & Deb, 2008). Such adults need to adjust to the complex environment including family, employment, recreation, daily routine and community. We need to examine the impact of the challenges that these adults face and the possible outcomes which may be displayed in their behavioural patterns (Gerber, 2011). In fact, we will further examine the challenges faced in getting employment for such adults and list out specific reasons with special reference to LD adults in the United States of America (Madaus, 2008). Lastly, we examine the success achieved in the career path for adults with learning disabilities and further monitor the remarkable adjustments conducted in behavioural and cognitive aspects by such adults (Kreshner, Kirkpatrik & McLaren, 1995). Cooper, S.A., Smiley, E., Jackson, A., Finlayson, J., Allan, L., Mantry, D., & Morrison, J. (2009). Adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence, incidence and remission of aggressive behavior and related factors. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53(3), pp. 217-232. Davis, T.E., Nida, R.E., Zlomke, K.R., & Nebel-Schwalm, M.S. (2009). Health-related quality of life in college undergraduates with learning disabilities: the mediational roles of anxiety and sadness. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31(3), pp. 228-234. Gerber, P. J. (2011). The impact of learning

The Human Effect On The Ecosystem

The Human Effect On The Ecosystem Biodiversity has always been in a flux with species adapting to new environments or extinction but these circumstances are all through natural occurrences and through a period of thousands of years and so allowing the dependant consumers and trophic levels to adapt. However, since the Human population began to expand hugely since the industrial revolution we have been directly responsible for the extinction of dozens of species such as the Passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) and indirectly responsible for many others. As the human population continues to grow we will require more resources and to expand our living area, in this case we have exploited the natural resources to breaking point and have expanded into synthetic products that damage the ecosystem even further. The idea that we should be working to repair the damage that has been caused by our rapid growth is a relatively new concept and has still not been accepted by many countries but efforts are being made to protec t the remaining communities and ecosystems. Humans have modified ecosystems for our benefit such as agriculture which focuses on the mass production of a selected few products for our consumption; this is extremely effective in feeding a large population while incorporating only 3 trophic levels, the producer (crops), the primary and secondary consumers (humans, livestock). This method also benefits energy, keeping any loss at a minimum especially when combined with synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. However when looking at the damage this method causes to other populations there is huge fallout, we use pesticides which kill any local insect populations, and fertilizers run off the fields and contaminate the local areas, freshwater and coastal ecosystems both biotic and abiotic. we effectively destroy large areas to accommodate these fields which remove natural habitats for many species which places a huge pressure on the ecosystem (McShaffrey: http://www.marietta.edu/~mcshaffd/) Using biotechnology scientists have adapted blue green algae to act as a cost-effective bio fertilizer, utilising its natural nitrogen fixation to add nutrients to crops instead of relying on the more harmful, synthetic fertilizer, reducing harmful effects of the man-made substances, using natural bio waste and recycling energy flows far more efficiently. http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/org_farm/orgfarm_biofertilizertechnology.html) [emailprotected] Department of Agricultural Microbiology The human effect on the ecosystem has damaged many areas both directly and indirectly such as pollution, climate change and introduction of foreign species. In the last 50 years the global economic activity has increased 7 fold in the last 50 years and trends suggest that as our population continues to rise the ecosystem will suffer more http://www.greenfacts.org. Land and forests are in greater demand for agricultural, industrial and housing which destroy natural habitats of native species and force them out. Forest fragmentation increases the risk of extinction as the smaller a space the smaller the population it can support. Combining this with the introduction of alien species, i.e. imported from other countries and then escape into a new ecosystem, this is a major cause of the extinction to local species such as the American mink escaping into the British countryside, this non-native carnivore has posed a significant threat to fish, poultry and game birds, The introduction of ne w diseases that can prove devastating, Dutch elm disease has wiped out the British elm tree which then saw a huge decline in the producers for oxygen and allowed more non-native trees to grow in their place. (UK Pest Control Directory | Pest Control UK | www.pestcontrol-uk.org.) With recent attempts to cut our ecological footprint and ease pressure on the ecosystem as much as possible we have introduced measures that manage as much of our resources as possible, Protected areas and set-aside fields have given wildlife a chance to recover its nutrients from decades of abuse while the government allows a subsidy to the farmers that do this. While protected areas such as these are a good start it is not sufficient to recover biodiversity. The restoration process is producing strong results and is evolving rapidly due to increased awareness and changes in priority, Using a holistic approach Restoration technology is now able to return certain damaged areas of ecosystems to their natural balance . (B. C. Rana Damaged Ecosystems and Restoration) Ecological damage is now a large part of political arguments, bringing them to the public attention and changing the public attitude towards these issues as well. Ecosystems are already showing negative impacts under current levels of climate change à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ which is modest compared to future projected changesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. In addition to warming temperatures, more frequent extreme weather events and changing patterns of rainfall and drought can be expected to have significant impacts on biodiversity. (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2010) Pollutants such as oil, gas fumes, and synthetic chemicals have created the most widespread impact to the ecosystem with temperatures in flux, the polar icecaps melting, acid rain and the damage to the Ozone layer. Native plants are unable to thrive in the acid rich soils making for fewer producers and less for the primary consumers to absorb this carries throughout the chain (Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009) In conclusion, While biodiversity is still present it is true that the increased pressure has from pollutants and destruction of natural environments has greatly affected the progress, wiping out many species and allowing other to thrive in their stead have changed the ecosystem entirely. However since the introduction of conservation policies there are signs that damage is slowing, but not significantly, ultimately in order for the biodiversity to recover to a sustainable amount we need to employ a strict long term plan to reduce any further growth and concentrate on technology or holistic remedies to repair any recoverable damage from the environments Environmental Biology Sequence Ecosystems. 2013. Environmental Biology Sequence Ecosystems. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/102/ecosystem.html#HumanvsNaturalFoodChains7 UK Pest Control Directory | Pest Control UK | www.pestcontrol-uk.org.

Posthumous Rating of Hawthorne and “Young Goodman Brown” :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

Posthumous Rating of Hawthorne and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†      Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay intends to trace the main literary criticism of the author, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†since the author’s death in 1864.    Nathaniel Hawthorne’s acclamation as a great writer by both critics and the general public was not an overnight occurrence. The Norton Anthology: American Literature states that â€Å"he was agonizingly slow in winning acclaim† (547).    Initially, of course, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s literary works went unranked among those of other American and British writers. But his reputation grew gradually even among contemporary critics, until he was recognized as a â€Å"man of genius.† The question in this essay is this: How does he and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† fare since 1864 when Hawthorne died.    The poet, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, wrote a poem commemorating Hawthorne for the funeral in 1864:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . . . . There in seclusion and remote from men   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The wizard hand lies cold,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Which at its topmost speed let fall the pen,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And left the tale half told.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ah! who shall lift that wand of magic power,   Ã‚     Ã‚  And the lost clew regain?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The unfinished windows in Aladdin's tower   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unfinished must remain!    In 1871 James T. Fields published Yesterdays With Authors, in which Chapter 3 deals with his evaluation of Nathaniel Hawthorne:    I AM sitting to-day opposite the likeness of the rarest genius America has given to literature,--a man who lately sojourned in this busy world of ours, but during many years of his life    "Wandered lonely as a cloud,"--    a man who had, so to speak, a physical affinity with solitude. The writings of this author have never soiled the public mind with one unlovely image. His men and women have a magic of their own, and we shall wait a long time before another arises among us to take his place. Indeed, it seems probable no one will ever walk precisely the same round of fiction which he traversed with so free and firm a step.    What lovely thoughts! What a tribute to Hawthorne’s genius! The very next year Henry James wrote a review of Hawthorne for the Nation:    Our remarks are not provoked by any visible detriment conferred on Mr. Hawthorne's fame by these recent publications. . .His journals throw but little light on his personal feelings, and even less on his genius per se.

“Letter from Birmingham Jail” rhetorical analysis Essay

How does the diction of a literary work help to convey the writer’s message? Is there a specific way it helps the author persuade you? Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† displays many forms of rhetorical strategies, language, and diction in order to help convey his message of â€Å"unjust† or â€Å"just† laws. The diction in this literary work is very important in aiding King to help convey his message. By appealing to pathos a lot, he creates a feeling of hope and despair for the reader to choose which is more prominent in the lives of African Americans. King wrote the â€Å"Letter† in response to the eight clergymen from Alabama who called his actions â€Å"untimely and unwise†. When he explains the reasons for him being in jail, King uses the argument that this injustice that was in Birmingham was everywhere and that people needed to do something about it. King’s diction, historical and biblical allusions, and rhetorical questions compose his eloquent diction in â€Å"Letter† that helps him show the importance non-violently fighting for rights. King used many historical allusions to exemplify his reasoning for the rights of his people. Similar to the beliefs of Thoreau, human laws may sometimes contradict the most basic rights given to man by a higher being. King supported his argument by stating, â€Å"We should never forget that everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was ‘legal’ and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was ‘illegal.'† (210). These laws passed in Germany were man-made laws that contradicted higher laws and peoples’ religions. Even though the concentration camps were horrible and disgusting acts forced on the Jewish people, they can’t be condemned, legally, because they did not come into conflict with Germany’s laws. This example helped to show how the legality of an act can often be a threat to the lives of many people. By doing this, King forces the reader to consider which laws in their lives, whether they realize the seriousness of them, may be infringing on the basic rights of man. King’s use of religious figures shows the divinity of his position and also  appeals to pathos. Religion during this time was present in the lives of those who were being oppressed and were not being given their most basic rights. King was a minister who believed that the union that we are in with God should supersede any unjust laws that we feel are oppressive of our rights. He says, â€Å"Human progress never rolls in on wheels of inevitability; it comes through the tireless efforts of men willing to be co-workers with God, and without his hard work, time itself becomes an ally of the forces of social stagnation.† (212). Here, King is claiming that we need to have faith in life and in the decisions we make. If anything is to be done about the conditions we are in, it is to be done through God and all that he does for us. Therefore, we must go through God in order to get the basic rights that we are worthy of. Also, by referencing Jesus a number of times in â€Å"Letter,† King appeals to pathos because it relates the most important person in many people’s religions and shows how he was a peaceful negotiator. This gave stability to the non-violent approach of the Civil Rights Movement. The use of rhetorical questions throughout King’s â€Å"Letter† are included to make the readers think about the reality of their situation. This simple method is very useful in this literary work because their location help to convey the seriousness of the situation to the reader. He supports his claim by saying, â€Å"Are you able to accept blows without retaliating?† (205). He uses many rhetorical questions like this to help make the reader think about the reality of the situation they are in. The use of this rhetorical strategy is very effective because it reveals an inevitable truth to the reader that must be interpreted by them. King explains his main concepts very clearly to help extend his position to the clergymen and make them understand his claims. In conclusion, King’s use of rhetorical questions, historical and biblical allusions, and appeal to pathos help him to amplify the seriousness of the oppression of his people. His rhetorical strategies used were very effective to the clergymen and many others who have had the opportunity to read it. It helps King directly state his argument so that his position is clearly stated and understood throughout the entirety of the essay. He uses very eloquent diction and rhetorical strategies to tie his main ideas together  and give him strong areas of support. Without the use of these strategies and many more found in the letter, King’s argument may not have been as strong as it is. By giving us specific examples of just and unjust, combined with the power of his diction, King is able to convey a powerful message about what he believes in. His historical and biblical allusions appeal to pathos and ethos by giving strong support to the examples that he had previously mentioned. So, we must understand and take note of King’s diction in order to prevent any human laws from coming into conflict with higher laws, we need to abolish those unjust laws and only follow those basic human laws given to us a birth. Works Cited King Jr., Martin Luther, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†. 50 Essay: A Portable Anthology. 4th Edition. Boston: Bedfort/St. Martin’s, 2011. 203-217 (Print).

Hera - Queen of the Gods in Greek Mythology

Hera - Queen of the Gods in Greek Mythology In Greek mythology, the beautiful goddess Hera was queen of the Greek gods and the wife of Zeus, the king. Hera was goddess of marriage and childbirth. Since Heras husband was Zeus, king not only of gods, but of philanderers, Hera spent a lot of time in Greek mythology angry with Zeus. So Hera is described as jealous and quarrelsome. Hera's Jealousy Among the more famous victims of Heras jealousy is Hercules (aka Heracles, whose name means the glory of Hera). Hera persecuted the famous hero from before the time he could walk for the simple reason that Zeus was his father, but another woman Alcmene was his mother. Despite the fact that Hera was not Hercules mother, and despite her hostile actions such as sending snakes to kill him when he was a newborn baby, she served as his nurse when he was an infant. Hera persecuted many of the other women Zeus seduced, in one way or another. The anger of Hera, who murmured terrible against all child-bearing women that bare children to Zeus....Theoi Hera: Callimachus, Hymn 4 to Delos 51 ff (trans. Mair)Leto had relations with Zeus, for which she was hounded by Hera all over the earth.Theoi Hera: Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1. 21 (trans. Aldrich) Hera's Children Hera is usually counted single parent mother of Hephaestus and the normal biological mother of Hebe and Ares. Their father is usually said to be her husband, Zeus, although Clark [Who Was the Wife of Zeus? by Arthur Bernard Clark; The Classical Review, (1906), pp. 365-378] explains the identities and births of Hebe, Ares, and Eiletheiya, goddess of childbirth, and sometimes named child of the divine couple, otherwise. Clark argues that the king and queen of the gods had no children together. Hebe may have been fathered by a lettuce. The association between Hebe and Zeus may have been sexual rather than familial.Ares might have been conceived via a special flower from the fields of Olenus. Zeus free admission of his paternity of Ares, Clark hints, may be only to avoid the scandal of being a cuckold.On her own, Hera gave birth to Hephaestus. Parents of Hera Like brother Zeus, Heras parents were Cronos and Rhea, who were Titans. Roman Hera In Roman mythology, the goddess Hera is known as Juno.

What to Include in a Student Portfolio

What to Include in a Student Portfolio Student portfolios are educational tools teachers use to create alternative assessments in the classroom. Including the right items in student portfolios are important, but before you decide on the items, review the basic steps for getting started, creating student portfolios  as well as their  purpose. The Missouri Department of Elementary Secondary Education notes that portfolios should show student growth and change over time, develop student thinking skills, identify strengths and weaknesses and track the development of one or more products of performance, such as samples of student work, tests or papers. No-Fuss Portfolios To achieve these goals, allow students to be involved in creating the portfolios. This will help minimize your paper-gathering time and help students take ownership.  Jon Mueller, a psychology professor at North Central College in Illinois, says that portfolios can be easy to manage and offers some tips for items to include in what he calls no-fuss portfolios: Have students select a piece or two of their work over the course of a quarter, semester or year; at the time of each selection, have the student write a brief reflection on the item, as well as why she included it; and, at the end of the quarter, semester or school year, ask students to reflect again on each item. Sample Items The kinds of items you have students include in their portfolios will vary by age and abilities. But, this brief list may give you ideas to get started. A letter to the reader discussing portfolio itemsA reading logQuotations the student especially likesGraphic illustrations of information, such as charts, concept diagrams, timelines and photographsVideo recordings of readings or performances. You can film students reading or performing using a smartphone and then download the filmed version onto a computer.A sample paragraph showing mastery of specific writing techniquesSample essays of various types descriptive, narrative, explanatory, expository, persuasive, cause and effect, ​compare and contrast  or defining terms.Writing that students created in their other classes, such as reports, speech outlines, essays or projects.Research-related writing, including a description of procedures, instruments such as surveys, results, and productsAn explanation of literary terms using examples from what students are readingCreative writing, including stories, poems, songs and scripts Reflection Phase The Missouri Department of Elementary Secondary Education says that to make portfolios really useful, remember that their purpose is to serve as authentic assessments evaluations of real student work over a given time period. Unlike other forms of assessment, such as a timed test, students should be given time to reflect on their work, says the department. And, dont assume students simply will know how to reflect. As with other academic areas, you may need to teach students this skill and spend time helping them learn how to (reflect) through instruction, modeling, lots of practice and  feedback. When the portfolios are complete, take time to meet with students individually or in small groups to discuss all of this learning material they have created, collected and reflected on. These meetings will help students gain insights from their body of work and give you a clear look at their thinking process.

Parenting Websites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Parenting Websites - Essay Example In our day-to-day lives we come across various kinds of situations where we need some kind of advice from the experts or psychotherapist who can guide us to tackle with the situations. This site is a helping hand to those needful parents as it incorporates articles related to all subjects one can think and face in routine life. The articles are for all the age group starting from nursing an infant, toilet-training a toddler, helping a third-grader with homework, or buying a cell phone for a teenager, this website has advice and ideas to help parents of children belonging to any age-group. It provides various methodologies and ways for the parents to deal with the situations which they come across while rearing their child and formulating their personalities, as these children are the future of the nation. It helps parents to develop awareness towards the environment and changing trends in culture of the society. All parents want their child to be capable of tackling with the day-today life. To keep abreast with the trends it is imperative for the parents to provide their child/ children with the best possible commodities. This not only built confidence in the child but also enhance motor skills and knowledge to the child. This site provides toys right from vision fixation, motor skill development to interactive learning and games related with situations. The site provides the best toys and educational products. Apart from offering a range of the products it also offers tips on selecting and links to online toy stores. The website encompasses a little bit of everything – printable material for the kids, recipes, parenting articles for all ages, a message board, along with the complete information which a family requires for a progressive and cognitive development in the present era. The printable material enhances the gross motor skills as it contains coloring material to various activities which keep the child busy all

The high rate of violence on TV and video games causes the high rate Research Paper

The high rate of violence on TV and video games causes the high rate of depression and sadness in American society - Research Paper Example demonstrates that trauma felt in childhood can often carry over into adulthood, causing distress, depression, and increased violence in the individual. This is true of television as well, and there is definitely a connection between watching television and increased feeling of depression and violence in adulthood. According to psychodynamic theory, something is generally â€Å"missing† from an individual’s life as the cause of depression, and for those that watch far too much television as children. This missing element can often be play with other children or interaction with family (some psychologists have referred to television as a detrimental type of babysitter for families). Studies show that television is an integral part of culture and many families spend more time in front of the television than they do conversing. Hence, this lack of social and familiar interaction can also contribute to the depression present in those that are exposed to too much television, along with the psychological trauma inflicted by violent television. Furthermore, the violence witnessed on television also creates problems from a psychodynamic standpoint and leads to depression. Trauma experienced via watching television in childhood can carry through to adulthood and cause further problems of depression for adults that viewed too much violence on television as children. Like psychodynamic theory states, this â€Å"dynamic† of television is the problem that roots itself in childhood and carries itself through adulthood, causing depression. The first part of this problem comes from the fact that television is in high demand in our culture. Many children and adults watch 21-23 of television per week, and 3 to 5 violent acts per hour ("Media Violence (RE9526)" 1). Many families have taken to watching television while eating dinner, and most families admit that they watch television when they eat instead of having conversations with each other. This can often attribute to

How Leaders Are Leading In The 21st Century Essay

How Leaders Are Leading In The 21st Century - Essay Example Otherwise, it should be rarely utilized as it greatly undercuts existing job satisfaction and staff morale. Pace setting as a style enables the leadership set the trend/ pace on which the staff can emulate. However, it should be used sparingly as it often leads to loss of morale and the ‘poisoning’ of the working climate. Democratic leadership style draws upon the prevailing workforce skill-sets, knowledge and expertise thus creating both individual and group commitment to set goals. It is most optimal in situational contexts where the organizational direction envisaged is unclear necessitating collective input. However, it is disastrous during periods of crisis that require urgent decision-making (Martindale, 2011). In affiliative style, the emphasis is placed upon teamwork thereby creating group harmony. It is essential in improving communication, teamwork, morale, harmony, and trust. This style is best used in a complementary manner with either of the other five. Coaching as a style focuses on the development of through one-on-one relationships. Through improvement of individual performance, optimal conditions for teamwork are achieved eventually helping connect individual goals to those of the organization as a whole. Care should be taken to strive in highlighting restraint, as this may be negatively perceived as equating to the micro-management of employees (Zhu, Irene & William, 2005). This may eventually undermine their self-confidence thereby negatively affecting their morale and overall output.

Alcoholic beverage Essay Example for Free

Alcoholic beverage Essay Is the End of the German Beer Industry Near? 1. Discuss how the changing technological environment present international threats and opportunities to the German beer industry. To discuss how changing technological environment presents international threats and opportunities for the German beer industry, the term of changing technological environment has to be explained. The literature distinguishes between a micro environment and a macro environment. Micro environment concludes factors, which are directly influenced by a company. These factors are organizational – Marketing-Mix, Structure, processes etc. Macro environment contains political decisions, cultural and social changes and technological changes (Lee and Carter, 2009). Technological changes can include three sections to improve business processes of companies. The First is through technological innovations in products and processes. For instance producing processes in different Industries are much easier and faster today than before 30 years. Product life cycles are less long today – modern technology allows permanent improvements and innovative new products detach older products. That is a Development of modern Industries, which can be observed (Dicken, 2011). The second one is through communication and information. Technology increases productivity by time saving devices and allowing companies to work in collaboration with team members within a Network, who are not present or the ability of fast access to data from anywhere of the world (Obele, 2004). Furthermore modern Technology allows companies to do consumer or market research in a very short time, especially through the internet which provides opportunities for companies to enter new markets across several countries and regions in a very fast and easy way now (Litan et al. , 2010). The third one is through mobility and innovation in transportation. Today manufacturers are able to transport products with the help of airplanes, trains and ships in a geographical freedom without losing quality of products (Dicken, 2011). By increasing productivity generally through time and space saving devices modern technology provided the German industry opportunities to increase general production output. Improved Information and communication technology (ICT) and innovative transport systems results a less complex of processes to enter new markets by aimed communication and fast distribution. But one of the most important international opportunities that changing technological environment presents to the German beer industry is the improvement in production processes. Process optimisation and increased efficiency are priorities of the most companies. For Instance high-gravity wort fermentation or efficiency of wort sugar uptake are process activities resulting in reduced capital expenditure and gains in economies of scale (Stewart, no date). Economics of scale eventuates when a decline in average cost can be achieved through an increase in output of one product (O’Sullivan A.and Seffrin S. , 2003). In addition many of the big global players are leveraging from innovated brewing and fast fermentation processes. There are heavy investments in brewing development to produce more efficient for instance to exploit ingredients or save water and gain economies of scale. In the USA breweries like Anheuser-Busch, Miller and Coors managed to dominate the mass-producing sector and gained in economies of scale (Tremblay et al. , 2005). World market leader AB InBev from Belgium owns more then 200 beer brands today, undaunted Becks, a German beer. Local breweries did not attempt to expand in the past and today they are suffering from acquisition of big global players. The device of big breweries is to produce efficient and cheap. But many German customers are struggling against this mass-production provided by modern technology. Most of them argue that the quality of the beer is suffering from mass-production and decide to buy local German beer brands, which are more expensive (Schimansky, 2012). In times of cheap mass-production there are still customers, who are ready to pay more for quality – according to the case study the same applies to emerging markets. So local German breweries could use their quality as a unique selling proposition and start to cooperate and get together by mergers for instance to share costs and risks of overseas operations. It is logical, that only a few German breweries will be able to invest in international operations, because of small financial resources. Therefore maybe only 100 of the 1300 German breweries will stay alive in future – but these breweries will be strong enough to create an availability of German beer internationally. One opportunity for German breweries is to expand to emerging markets like China then, where according to the study customers are ready to pay for quality, as we mentioned. Producing towards the Reinheitsgebot promises that required quality. Referring to the Paper that most of the small German breweries got small financial resources and no experiences in overseas markets, so cooperation with another famous German brewery, as we mentioned, or a joint venture in a foreign country like China to reduce certain risks, costs and gain specific market knowledge, could be profitable. The infrastructure, especially communication and information channels to gain knowledge about local preferences will enhance the way of doing business there. But new technologies and innovative processes provide rival producers new opportunities and form new threats for the German beer industry. By producing more efficient and creative with support of modern producing opportunities beer companies adapt their product following new trend of the new generations. Example is given in the study by offering alcopops or mixed beers etc. Eventually global players, who enter the German market by acquiring German breweries and are close to the market, will be in a position to adapt their own products in the future with support of modern technologies in research methods etc. to gain knowledge of local preferences by ongoing efficient industrialized mass producing processes. And if German breweries still stay small in distribution, big global players will be able to dominate more of the almost saturated market. This is especially because of modern efficient way of brewing and the declining costs involved through economies of scale for example. 2. Discuss the impact of the current economic global crisis upon the operations of the German Beer industry, given that it appears to be fractionalised and has smaller financial resources than its main competitors. According to a publication of the new economics foundation (nef, 2012), the world is in the second phase of an economic crisis, which has a global reach and affects nut just only the world’s major institutions, but also the established ways of thinking. The nef asserts that the contemporary global economic crisis is a continuation of the financial crisis of 2008. In 2008 the world’s third-largest investment bank at that time, Lehman brothers, bankrupted and led to eventual a collapse of the whole financial system. The nef explains that the crisis of 2008 was halted but not resolved. Now the results of the second phase of the global economic crisis are stagnation and austerity to cut public spendings, so the nef. Furthermore the nef argues that austerity is hindering economic growth, because firms sell fewer goods and services and therefore this creates job losses as we can see in Ireland, Greece and now in the United Kingdom. That global economic crisis impacts the beer industry in several countries proves a declining number in annual per capita consumption of beer in Greece, which has been hit hardest among the countries by the beer recession and by the crisis itself (Ewing, 2011). The main impact of the economic global crisis upon of German beer industry is, that more and more people loss their jobs worldwide within the crisis (BBC, 2009). Therefore they are not able to spend much. Because of that they fear about the uncertain future and want to save money. This fear impacts their customers buying behaviour. There is a strong resistance to buying and therefore prices have to be lowered (Herrmann, 2009). In addition more and more people are drinking at home rather then in bars or restaurants to save money. This in turn leads to that more people loss their jobs, especially in the hospitality industry, like Hotels, pubs or restaurants. Furthermore governments are hindering productivity by value-added taxes, which lower consumption and cots jobs (Ewing, 2011). That means that there is a declining buying power and changing careful buying behaviour, especially of price sensitive German customers, like it is told in the study. The paper shows already a declining number of beer consumption, because of some factors, like Trends, demographic changes and government decisions against alcoholic drinks etc. The fact that the people spent less money, as mentioned before, will accelerate this process. The general economic crisis in Europe, like in Greece, Italy and Spain intensified the situation (Bloomberg, 2013). So this countries import less to overcome the crisis and are out of the question of a potential markets. There is one matter occurred within the global economic crisis especially in Europe that could have a huge affect on the German beer industry in future. The European Union follows a common policy outwards in interests of each country. But in times of economic crisis like in Greece, the idea of a common Identity of several nations within the European Union failed. Many Greeks for instance are blaming Germany and France to benefiting from their spending for Greece in order to help (The Independent, 2012). Both are the main supporters for Greece attempt to overcome the crisis by attempt to support investment and economic growth there (RTE, 2012). But as mentioned, not only Greece; Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Italy are heavily indebted countries, who are next to face the economic crisis in an extreme kind (BBC, 2012). Situations like these can destroy a common relationship between countries within the EU, because everyone seeks for reasons for the fail of the economy in each country and as it had been said especially Greece is blaming the policy of EU about that. This fact forces countries and governments to shut themselves off from the EU and concentrate on local policy, economy and matters instead showing common interest in the EU as a whole. This could lead people to think more nationalized and consumption could concentrate on domestic products instead of expensive imports, like of a good quality German beer, to save money. These happenings, particularly in Europe, show a negative initial situation for German beer industry and as we said above potential markets in Europe in the future. According to the case study the German breweries are fractionalised and got smaller financial resources than their competitors, which is hindering the Industry to expand overseas an enter new markets to gain sustain success and profit. Like Koenig says in the study the German market is saturated and as I said before the economic crisis in Europe precludes a potential market there. Emerging markets are potential markets because for instance of several factors like the market size in China etc. and according to the paper the fact that customers are ready to pay more for quality in emerging markets. Economy in China for example has continued to grow, while the economy in Europe has fallen into a critical situation. Increased consumer spending and the open business policy of China provide really new opportunities for western companies (B2B International, no date). The expansion to such markets is related with new costs, which complicates the operations of the German beer industry, because of small financial resources. Grave et al. (2012) analyzed the beer industry in China in a journal article in the case of Carlsberg. The paper argues that Porter’s (1980) differentiation or focus strategy may work in western countries, but not in emerging ones. The challenge is, it says, to maintain value proposition as a quality beer while responding to local demands. The Five forces industry analysis resulted that there is a high competition in the Chinese beer market, high supplier power, low buyer power, medium threats of entrants with high entry barriers, i. e. language barriers, and low to medium threats of substitutes. So no matter how attractive emerging markets are, it might be risky to enter China; but first you are established, you will gain big success. This success requires financial resources, which German breweries can only gain by consolidation with associated German breweries or joint ventures with Chinese companies. Carlsberg gained big success by Chinese acquisitions and undergone little affects of the economic crisis, so the journal article. So certain German breweries should get together to share costs and try to enter new emerging markets – as we mentioned European and German markets are almost saturated; if they do not try to find new markets, most of them will collapse, raddled from the impacts of the global economic crisis by declining numbers in consumption, less buying power and changes in buying behaviours. 3. With reference to the EU market only, explain how contemporary cultural and social changes might affect the future development of the German Beer industry. Cultural and social changes are macro environmental matters that businesses have to adapt on to stay competitive. Consumer preferences are dynamic and invariably changing. As consumer preferences have to form adaptations, companies have to consider trends to produce goods which satisfy consumer needs in real. Not only demographic changes, on which I will be come back later, but different ethnical, religious, racial groups and changes in proportion of gender within a society can affect companies in their businesses (Richards, no date). By referring to the Paper an important social change is that more and more people in Europe and in the world become more health conscious. This includes government decisions about penalties related with alcohol in public and suggestions, like it says in the study, to general lifestyle and nutrition of the public. Science and medicine promote this trend by distribute the opinion that long term use of alcohol leads to cancer, liver failure, neurological, psychological and social problems (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Wellness products are shaping food markets, especially in Germany. Health is status symbol for newly olds and young people are interested in healthy products, as well to prevent illness (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2010). Further drinking beer has a bad image today. We associate beer drinking with lushes and riots in football stadiums. In an era in which apparently health and wellness plays a significant role, especially people who cares about their outward appearances, do not drink beer, because they do not want a beer-belly (Reilly, 2012). These described trends can have a significant affect on German beer industry, especially in a shrinking market, like the paper says. According to the Study besides this there is a declining number of consumption of beer. A low birth rate in Germany, within a declining number of population impacts every area in life and influence economy, as well. (Bundesministerium des Innern, 2011). Particularly demographic changes in Germany and Europe lead to a cease of the core target group. A low birth rate in Germany, within a declining number of population impacts every area in life and influence economy, as well. In addition the case study provides that younger generations prefer to drink alcopops and mixed beers instead of traditional beer. The beer industry recognized the demand and for example the German brewery Schofferhofer gained a big success in 2007 with Schofferhofer Grapefruit – a mixed wheat beer with grapefruit extract. Bitburger, another famous German brewery introduced Copa, a Caipirinha flavoured beer and a pomegranate flavoured one, containing less alcohol to satisfy health awareness of customers (Strohmaier, 2007). Therefore more German breweries have to adapt their beers to local consumer preferences and trends to gain sustainable success in future, which is associated with new costs, like for research and development. Small breweries are threatened, because of small financial resources. Besides that the sophisticated choice of alcoholic drinks is wine, as the study says. At this end the low consumption of beer, changing buying behaviour of German price sensitive customers and less buying power of customers in Europe within the economic global crisis reduce chances of German beer industries of a positive development in the future at the moment. In addition cultural and social changes, like demographic changes, health consciousness, trends of new generations and government behaviour against alcohol consumption, argued above, are threats for the German beer industry, especially in the case of small breweries.