How Leaders Are Leading In The 21st Century Essay

How Leaders Are Leading In The 21st Century - Essay Example Otherwise, it should be rarely utilized as it greatly undercuts existing job satisfaction and staff morale. Pace setting as a style enables the leadership set the trend/ pace on which the staff can emulate. However, it should be used sparingly as it often leads to loss of morale and the ‘poisoning’ of the working climate. Democratic leadership style draws upon the prevailing workforce skill-sets, knowledge and expertise thus creating both individual and group commitment to set goals. It is most optimal in situational contexts where the organizational direction envisaged is unclear necessitating collective input. However, it is disastrous during periods of crisis that require urgent decision-making (Martindale, 2011). In affiliative style, the emphasis is placed upon teamwork thereby creating group harmony. It is essential in improving communication, teamwork, morale, harmony, and trust. This style is best used in a complementary manner with either of the other five. Coaching as a style focuses on the development of through one-on-one relationships. Through improvement of individual performance, optimal conditions for teamwork are achieved eventually helping connect individual goals to those of the organization as a whole. Care should be taken to strive in highlighting restraint, as this may be negatively perceived as equating to the micro-management of employees (Zhu, Irene & William, 2005). This may eventually undermine their self-confidence thereby negatively affecting their morale and overall output.

Alcoholic beverage Essay Example for Free

Alcoholic beverage Essay Is the End of the German Beer Industry Near? 1. Discuss how the changing technological environment present international threats and opportunities to the German beer industry. To discuss how changing technological environment presents international threats and opportunities for the German beer industry, the term of changing technological environment has to be explained. The literature distinguishes between a micro environment and a macro environment. Micro environment concludes factors, which are directly influenced by a company. These factors are organizational – Marketing-Mix, Structure, processes etc. Macro environment contains political decisions, cultural and social changes and technological changes (Lee and Carter, 2009). Technological changes can include three sections to improve business processes of companies. The First is through technological innovations in products and processes. For instance producing processes in different Industries are much easier and faster today than before 30 years. Product life cycles are less long today – modern technology allows permanent improvements and innovative new products detach older products. That is a Development of modern Industries, which can be observed (Dicken, 2011). The second one is through communication and information. Technology increases productivity by time saving devices and allowing companies to work in collaboration with team members within a Network, who are not present or the ability of fast access to data from anywhere of the world (Obele, 2004). Furthermore modern Technology allows companies to do consumer or market research in a very short time, especially through the internet which provides opportunities for companies to enter new markets across several countries and regions in a very fast and easy way now (Litan et al. , 2010). The third one is through mobility and innovation in transportation. Today manufacturers are able to transport products with the help of airplanes, trains and ships in a geographical freedom without losing quality of products (Dicken, 2011). By increasing productivity generally through time and space saving devices modern technology provided the German industry opportunities to increase general production output. Improved Information and communication technology (ICT) and innovative transport systems results a less complex of processes to enter new markets by aimed communication and fast distribution. But one of the most important international opportunities that changing technological environment presents to the German beer industry is the improvement in production processes. Process optimisation and increased efficiency are priorities of the most companies. For Instance high-gravity wort fermentation or efficiency of wort sugar uptake are process activities resulting in reduced capital expenditure and gains in economies of scale (Stewart, no date). Economics of scale eventuates when a decline in average cost can be achieved through an increase in output of one product (O’Sullivan A.and Seffrin S. , 2003). In addition many of the big global players are leveraging from innovated brewing and fast fermentation processes. There are heavy investments in brewing development to produce more efficient for instance to exploit ingredients or save water and gain economies of scale. In the USA breweries like Anheuser-Busch, Miller and Coors managed to dominate the mass-producing sector and gained in economies of scale (Tremblay et al. , 2005). World market leader AB InBev from Belgium owns more then 200 beer brands today, undaunted Becks, a German beer. Local breweries did not attempt to expand in the past and today they are suffering from acquisition of big global players. The device of big breweries is to produce efficient and cheap. But many German customers are struggling against this mass-production provided by modern technology. Most of them argue that the quality of the beer is suffering from mass-production and decide to buy local German beer brands, which are more expensive (Schimansky, 2012). In times of cheap mass-production there are still customers, who are ready to pay more for quality – according to the case study the same applies to emerging markets. So local German breweries could use their quality as a unique selling proposition and start to cooperate and get together by mergers for instance to share costs and risks of overseas operations. It is logical, that only a few German breweries will be able to invest in international operations, because of small financial resources. Therefore maybe only 100 of the 1300 German breweries will stay alive in future – but these breweries will be strong enough to create an availability of German beer internationally. One opportunity for German breweries is to expand to emerging markets like China then, where according to the study customers are ready to pay for quality, as we mentioned. Producing towards the Reinheitsgebot promises that required quality. Referring to the Paper that most of the small German breweries got small financial resources and no experiences in overseas markets, so cooperation with another famous German brewery, as we mentioned, or a joint venture in a foreign country like China to reduce certain risks, costs and gain specific market knowledge, could be profitable. The infrastructure, especially communication and information channels to gain knowledge about local preferences will enhance the way of doing business there. But new technologies and innovative processes provide rival producers new opportunities and form new threats for the German beer industry. By producing more efficient and creative with support of modern producing opportunities beer companies adapt their product following new trend of the new generations. Example is given in the study by offering alcopops or mixed beers etc. Eventually global players, who enter the German market by acquiring German breweries and are close to the market, will be in a position to adapt their own products in the future with support of modern technologies in research methods etc. to gain knowledge of local preferences by ongoing efficient industrialized mass producing processes. And if German breweries still stay small in distribution, big global players will be able to dominate more of the almost saturated market. This is especially because of modern efficient way of brewing and the declining costs involved through economies of scale for example. 2. Discuss the impact of the current economic global crisis upon the operations of the German Beer industry, given that it appears to be fractionalised and has smaller financial resources than its main competitors. According to a publication of the new economics foundation (nef, 2012), the world is in the second phase of an economic crisis, which has a global reach and affects nut just only the world’s major institutions, but also the established ways of thinking. The nef asserts that the contemporary global economic crisis is a continuation of the financial crisis of 2008. In 2008 the world’s third-largest investment bank at that time, Lehman brothers, bankrupted and led to eventual a collapse of the whole financial system. The nef explains that the crisis of 2008 was halted but not resolved. Now the results of the second phase of the global economic crisis are stagnation and austerity to cut public spendings, so the nef. Furthermore the nef argues that austerity is hindering economic growth, because firms sell fewer goods and services and therefore this creates job losses as we can see in Ireland, Greece and now in the United Kingdom. That global economic crisis impacts the beer industry in several countries proves a declining number in annual per capita consumption of beer in Greece, which has been hit hardest among the countries by the beer recession and by the crisis itself (Ewing, 2011). The main impact of the economic global crisis upon of German beer industry is, that more and more people loss their jobs worldwide within the crisis (BBC, 2009). Therefore they are not able to spend much. Because of that they fear about the uncertain future and want to save money. This fear impacts their customers buying behaviour. There is a strong resistance to buying and therefore prices have to be lowered (Herrmann, 2009). In addition more and more people are drinking at home rather then in bars or restaurants to save money. This in turn leads to that more people loss their jobs, especially in the hospitality industry, like Hotels, pubs or restaurants. Furthermore governments are hindering productivity by value-added taxes, which lower consumption and cots jobs (Ewing, 2011). That means that there is a declining buying power and changing careful buying behaviour, especially of price sensitive German customers, like it is told in the study. The paper shows already a declining number of beer consumption, because of some factors, like Trends, demographic changes and government decisions against alcoholic drinks etc. The fact that the people spent less money, as mentioned before, will accelerate this process. The general economic crisis in Europe, like in Greece, Italy and Spain intensified the situation (Bloomberg, 2013). So this countries import less to overcome the crisis and are out of the question of a potential markets. There is one matter occurred within the global economic crisis especially in Europe that could have a huge affect on the German beer industry in future. The European Union follows a common policy outwards in interests of each country. But in times of economic crisis like in Greece, the idea of a common Identity of several nations within the European Union failed. Many Greeks for instance are blaming Germany and France to benefiting from their spending for Greece in order to help (The Independent, 2012). Both are the main supporters for Greece attempt to overcome the crisis by attempt to support investment and economic growth there (RTE, 2012). But as mentioned, not only Greece; Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Italy are heavily indebted countries, who are next to face the economic crisis in an extreme kind (BBC, 2012). Situations like these can destroy a common relationship between countries within the EU, because everyone seeks for reasons for the fail of the economy in each country and as it had been said especially Greece is blaming the policy of EU about that. This fact forces countries and governments to shut themselves off from the EU and concentrate on local policy, economy and matters instead showing common interest in the EU as a whole. This could lead people to think more nationalized and consumption could concentrate on domestic products instead of expensive imports, like of a good quality German beer, to save money. These happenings, particularly in Europe, show a negative initial situation for German beer industry and as we said above potential markets in Europe in the future. According to the case study the German breweries are fractionalised and got smaller financial resources than their competitors, which is hindering the Industry to expand overseas an enter new markets to gain sustain success and profit. Like Koenig says in the study the German market is saturated and as I said before the economic crisis in Europe precludes a potential market there. Emerging markets are potential markets because for instance of several factors like the market size in China etc. and according to the paper the fact that customers are ready to pay more for quality in emerging markets. Economy in China for example has continued to grow, while the economy in Europe has fallen into a critical situation. Increased consumer spending and the open business policy of China provide really new opportunities for western companies (B2B International, no date). The expansion to such markets is related with new costs, which complicates the operations of the German beer industry, because of small financial resources. Grave et al. (2012) analyzed the beer industry in China in a journal article in the case of Carlsberg. The paper argues that Porter’s (1980) differentiation or focus strategy may work in western countries, but not in emerging ones. The challenge is, it says, to maintain value proposition as a quality beer while responding to local demands. The Five forces industry analysis resulted that there is a high competition in the Chinese beer market, high supplier power, low buyer power, medium threats of entrants with high entry barriers, i. e. language barriers, and low to medium threats of substitutes. So no matter how attractive emerging markets are, it might be risky to enter China; but first you are established, you will gain big success. This success requires financial resources, which German breweries can only gain by consolidation with associated German breweries or joint ventures with Chinese companies. Carlsberg gained big success by Chinese acquisitions and undergone little affects of the economic crisis, so the journal article. So certain German breweries should get together to share costs and try to enter new emerging markets – as we mentioned European and German markets are almost saturated; if they do not try to find new markets, most of them will collapse, raddled from the impacts of the global economic crisis by declining numbers in consumption, less buying power and changes in buying behaviours. 3. With reference to the EU market only, explain how contemporary cultural and social changes might affect the future development of the German Beer industry. Cultural and social changes are macro environmental matters that businesses have to adapt on to stay competitive. Consumer preferences are dynamic and invariably changing. As consumer preferences have to form adaptations, companies have to consider trends to produce goods which satisfy consumer needs in real. Not only demographic changes, on which I will be come back later, but different ethnical, religious, racial groups and changes in proportion of gender within a society can affect companies in their businesses (Richards, no date). By referring to the Paper an important social change is that more and more people in Europe and in the world become more health conscious. This includes government decisions about penalties related with alcohol in public and suggestions, like it says in the study, to general lifestyle and nutrition of the public. Science and medicine promote this trend by distribute the opinion that long term use of alcohol leads to cancer, liver failure, neurological, psychological and social problems (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Wellness products are shaping food markets, especially in Germany. Health is status symbol for newly olds and young people are interested in healthy products, as well to prevent illness (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2010). Further drinking beer has a bad image today. We associate beer drinking with lushes and riots in football stadiums. In an era in which apparently health and wellness plays a significant role, especially people who cares about their outward appearances, do not drink beer, because they do not want a beer-belly (Reilly, 2012). These described trends can have a significant affect on German beer industry, especially in a shrinking market, like the paper says. According to the Study besides this there is a declining number of consumption of beer. A low birth rate in Germany, within a declining number of population impacts every area in life and influence economy, as well. (Bundesministerium des Innern, 2011). Particularly demographic changes in Germany and Europe lead to a cease of the core target group. A low birth rate in Germany, within a declining number of population impacts every area in life and influence economy, as well. In addition the case study provides that younger generations prefer to drink alcopops and mixed beers instead of traditional beer. The beer industry recognized the demand and for example the German brewery Schofferhofer gained a big success in 2007 with Schofferhofer Grapefruit – a mixed wheat beer with grapefruit extract. Bitburger, another famous German brewery introduced Copa, a Caipirinha flavoured beer and a pomegranate flavoured one, containing less alcohol to satisfy health awareness of customers (Strohmaier, 2007). Therefore more German breweries have to adapt their beers to local consumer preferences and trends to gain sustainable success in future, which is associated with new costs, like for research and development. Small breweries are threatened, because of small financial resources. Besides that the sophisticated choice of alcoholic drinks is wine, as the study says. At this end the low consumption of beer, changing buying behaviour of German price sensitive customers and less buying power of customers in Europe within the economic global crisis reduce chances of German beer industries of a positive development in the future at the moment. In addition cultural and social changes, like demographic changes, health consciousness, trends of new generations and government behaviour against alcohol consumption, argued above, are threats for the German beer industry, especially in the case of small breweries.

Chapter Summary of I Have Lived a Thousand Years, Growing Up in the Holocaust by Livia Bitton-Jackson :: essays research papers

Foreword: Elli Friedmann has returned 50 years later for a ceremony to the spot where she was once liberated by the American army. Living during the Holocaust, she has chosen to give us her story. Chapter 1-The City of My Dreams- Somorja, summer, 1943-March, 1944 Elli talks about daily life in her neighborhood. Her mother does not show any compassion for her. When Elli complains of this, her mother brings up excuses that are unconvincing. Elli believes her mother does not care for her and that her brother is the favorite. Hilter’s reoccurring radio broadcast give nightmares to Elli, whos family is Jewish. The nights when the Hungarian military police would come and stir trouble did not provide anymore comfort for Elli. One night, her brother, Bubi, comes home with news that Germany invaded Budapest, the town where he goes to school. But the next morning, there is no news in the headlines. The father sends him back to school. He learns the next day that a neighbor’s son who goes to school with Bubi has said the same. The day after, the newspapers scream the news of the invasion. Bubi arrives home, and the terror begins. Chapter 2- Hey, Jew Girl, Jew Girl - Somorja, March 25, 1944 Elli’s school has just closed. As she is leaving, a group of boys seem to be having a childish Nazi rally. She runs home and sobs for her normal life back. Chapter 3- The Tale of the Yellow Bicycle- Somorja, March 27, 1944 The â€Å"liquidation† process of the Jews in Elli’s town has begun. Everyone’s prized possessions must be brought to city hall, where they will also be registered. Elli has just gotten a new bike and does not want to give it up. After they come home, her father shows her and the rest of the family a spot where he has buried their most prized possessions. He tells her that he does not know who will survive. He then asks her if she will remember the spot. She yells that she does not want to be the only one to survive, and she does not want to remember. Chapter 4- The Tale of the Yellow Sun- Somorja, March 28, 1944 Every Jew must wear a yellow star and have a painted yellow star on their house. Elli does not leave the house for a week, and cannot believe the horrible things that have begun to surround her. There is an announcement that everyone will be receiving their school report cards and diplomas.

DNA Report :: Biology

Many people have heard about this mysterious DNA molecule but don’t know much about it (what it is, where it’s located, what it does, etc.) In this report it will state the basics and investigate this mysterious molecule: deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is a thin chainlike molecule found in almost every cell (Rubenstein, 2006), and is used in developing and functioning all known living organisms (â€Å"Wikipedia†, 2009). DNA is a Hereditary Material in a human body, (â€Å"U.S. National†, 2009), genomes determine hereditary (Rubenstein, 2006). The main goal for DNA is long-term storing of information (â€Å"Wikipedia†, 2009). Basically DNA is biological information exchanged from adult to child through reproduction (â€Å"National Human†, 2008). DNA is formed in the nucleus of a cell (â€Å"National Human†, 2008). Most DNA is found in the nucleus and a small amount is found in the Mitochondria. When DNA is found in the nucleus it is considered to be Nuclear DNA and when DNA is found in the Mitochondria it is considered Mitochondrial DNA (â€Å"U.S. National†, 2009). Humans always get 50% of DNA from your mom and 50% of DNA from your dad through reproduction; although only Mitochondrial DNA is from your mom because during fertilization egg cells only keep Mitochondria (â€Å"National Human† 2008). Sometimes DNA can be found in bacterial cells and in viruses (Rubenstein, 2006). DNA is made of many different resources found in a human body; chemicals, bases, and more. Deoxyribonucleic acid is made of three basic chemical building blocks; a Phosphate group, a Sugar group, and 1 of 4 nitrogen bases. DNA is made of 3 billon bases (National Human, 2008), 99% of these bases are the same in all humans (â€Å"U.S. National†, 2009), and the order and amount of the bases determines that humans unique self (Rubenstein, 2006). Bases are connected by hydrogen bonds, base pairing is very specific; Adenine only with Thymine and Cytosine only with Guanine (â€Å"Comptons†, 2008). Each DNA that contains instructions, that makes protein, is considered a gene; gene size varies from 1 thousand bases to 1 million bases (â€Å"National Human†, 2008). A gene carries genetic information during reproduction (â€Å"Wikipedia†,2009). DNA consists of thousands of chemical units called nucleotides (Rubenstein, 2006). Nucleotides are linked together by covalent bonds; linking phosphate of one to sugar of the next (â€Å"Comptons†, 2008). Like genes the exact amount and order of Nucleotides varies, making the person only themselves (Rubenstein, 2006).

Water Purification In The Coming Decades Environmental Sciences Essay

This article was written by six academicians related to a work for The Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems ( NSF STC WaterCAMPWS, University of Illinois, USA ) . They are working for assorted sections which are suited for this research at different universities. The WaterCAMPWS plants for new engineerings for H2O intervention. ( 1 ) This article focuses on recent engineering for disinfection, decontamination, re-use and desalinization methods to better H2O quality. It describes the importance of H2O and H2O jobs, moreover it gives information about the H2O intervention systems utilizing today and will be used in the hereafter. It besides makes comparings to place the advantages and the disadvantages of H2O intervention systems. It is suited for anyone who wants to be informed about H2O purification techniques. A individual who has the proficient substructure about H2O and H2O intervention can understand more easy this article. While reading sometimes troubles may be encountered to understand this article but in general linguistic communication of the article was clear. At the first portion of the article writers mention the importance of the H2O, pollutants H2O job and new H2O intervention engineerings. Water job is explained clearly by utilizing singular Numberss but they do non give the day of the month and beginnings about Numberss. In add-on to the state of affairs at the article, developed and developing states are provided the illustrations of the H2O state of affairss to do the H2O job more apprehensible. Water is needed for populating beings to last and there is life on the Earth thanks to H2O. ( 2 ) Harmonizing to the World Health Organisation ( WHO ) H2O may incorporate bacteriums, suspended atoms, parasites, viruses, organic chemicals, heavy metals and dissolvers above the allowed sum for illustration, Escherichia coli and arsenic degree bound is should be less than 10 & A ; Icirc ; ?g/l ( WHO report, 2008 ) ( 2-3 ) The riddance of unwanted stuffs, chemicals, contaminations, drosss, microorganism is called H2O purification which is a cleansing procedure. ( 4 ) Clean H2O demand is lifting twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours because of increasing in population, H2O deficit and users competition. ( 5 ) If people accessed clean drinkable H2O easy, it would be a wholly positive consequence on wellness. Unfortunately, WHO report in 2007 shows that 1.1 billion people can non make the clean H2O and 1.8 million people die desiccation from diarrheal because of safe H2O job each twelvemon th. Hearth jobs, encephalon stokes, HIV/AIDS, acute respiratory diseases, chronic lung diseases are some wellness jobs which are caused by diarrheal. ( 3 ) The recent H2O intervention activities are non safe, sustainable and sufficient plenty but they can be develop such as energy efficient systems, renewable purification. ( 2 ) New coevals H2O intervention systems, which are based on such as disinfection, flocculation, deposit and decontamination engineerings, should be developed to take bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens more efficaciously. ( 9 ) At the beginning of 4000 B.C. people tried to do imbibing H2O better in gustatory sensation and odor. Some intervention methods were developed such as sand filtration, disinfection by sunshine and boiling after 1500 B.C. ( 9 ) At 1600 & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s desalinization experiments began and around 1800 & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s the first H2O purification works was built in Scotland. During the twentieth century, people focused on imbibing H2O quality particularly taking the pathogens. In 1914 The U.S. Public Health Service prepared criterions about imbibing H2O and which were revised by the Public Health Service in 1925, 1946 and 1962. ( 9-3 ) Disinfection is the procedure of the deactivating or destroying of infective micro-organisms present in H2O. ( 10 ) In the paper, extended information about disinfection methods and the comparing between germicides were written. Writers give information about how the disinfection processes can command the viruses but I think this is unneeded item about the topic. Using sunshine ( solar ) was the first application of disinfection. ( 10 ) The most common disinfection methods are free Cl and Cl related chemicals because of cost and easy handiness, they eliminate the life stuffs by oxidization of cell wall compounds. Free Cl ( Cl2 ) is so effectual method but Cl is a really unsafe chemical and it produces toxic disinfection byproduct DBPs for illustration trihalomethanes. ( 11 ) The method of utilizing solid Ca hypochlorite ( Ca ( ClO ) 2.4H2O – 65 % Cl ) as a germicide has a batch of restrictions such as corrosion and gustatory sensation jobs. Another germicide is sodium hypochlo rite ( NaClO ) solution ( 5-15 % Cl ) which can non be stored easy. ( 11 ) Viruss, barm, spores, bacteriums, and casts can be killed by ozone disinfection method. Ozonation method is more effectual than Cl method and it does non bring forth any danger byproducts. ( 10 ) There are some disadvantages of this method for illustration, it is non easy engineering, low doses are non plenty to kill pathogens and it is dearly-won. ( 11 ) Ultraviolet visible radiation ( UV ) can be used for demobilizing pathogens by photochemical reactions in the RNA and DNA which is the consequence of light soaking up. ( 10 ) It is efficaciously and for this method the contact clip is short, there are non toxic or non-toxic byproducts but it can non utilize H2O which includes suspended stuff. The new method is use Cl with UV and ozone which is really effectual method to extinguish bacteriums, protozoa cysts and some critical pathogens. The solar photocatalysis disinfection which means violent death of pathog ens by utilizing the photocatalysis of TiO2 is the future method for H2O disinfection. ( 12 ) The usage of nanoscale scientific discipline in the H2O intervention systems, which includes nanocatalysts, nanostructure membranes, bioactive nanoparticles, nanoparticles filtration, nanosorbants, is the futuristic disinfection method. Nanoparticles which have big surface countries will be the best stuffs for H2O purification systems in the close term. Today, the major challenges of nanomaterials are the integrating of H2O purification procedure, cost effectual and design jobs. ( 5 ) In the article another method is described called, the H2O decontamination which is the procedure of extinguishing the harmful substances ( chemicals, beings, heavy metals, radioactive stuffs ) from the H2O. In this subdivision of article, writers try to explicate some jobs about mensurating and sensing of compounds concentrations, modeling, and redress schemes. Rearward osmosis, man-made rosins, activated C, sand filtration are the some methods to take contaminations from the H2O. ( 13 ) The best intervention method which supplies the most purified H2O is non clear. The finding of contaminant type and concentration are every bit of import as the decontamination engineering. The advanced research lab engineering is necessary for mensurating of low concentration of toxic compound for illustration Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophometery and UV-Spectrophometry can be used to analyze arsenic. ( 13 ) Chromatography and mass spectrometry which have the drawbacks such as cost, sensitiveness and efficient ; are the old but the most common engineerings. Catalytic Deoxyribonucleic acid is the recent system for proving heavy metals in the H2O and the traditional methods for this are X-Ray Fluorescence, some chemical trials and Inductively Coupled Plasma. ( 13 ) The biosensoring engineering is defined as the usage nanoscale or microscale biological detectors to observe contaminations with high sensitiveness. The technological development about biosensors is necessary to find the toxicity of H2O intervention procedure. ( 14 ) Highly treated H2O can be called rescued H2O which is the low cost option of drinkable H2O. If we consider the sum of consumed H2O per twenty-four hours, remained H2O on the Earth and the growing of population, the reuse of rescued H2O is perfectly necessary. Some of the utilizations of rescued H2O are irrigation, industrial activities and groundwater recharge. ( 15 ) Since historical times wastewater has been used but it became attractive two or three decennaries ago. ( 16 ) There are several methods for rescued H2O, such as chlorination, filtration and biological systems which have been used since early 1800s. ( 15 ) Authors give information about some recent methods such as membrane bioreactors and filtration. For the biological intervention ultrafiltration and microfiltration engineerings have been understood to supply high quality purified H2O. ( 17 ) Today activated sludge procedure, which is another biological intervention method, are designed for high public presentation. ( 1 8 ) The membrane bioreactor ( MBR ) method is comparatively new intervention engineering which is based on liquid-solid separation and its applications are going acceptable twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours for little graduated table with high quality of H2O. ( 17-18 ) Membrane bioreactor procedure has some advantages compared to the activated sludge procedure such as more compact reactor, smaller footmark for high concentration, higher assorted spirits suspended solids concentration ( for MBR procedure mean concentration 8-12 g/l ) . The most of import drawback of MBR method is some footings such as flow issues should be developed. ( 18 ) The cleansing of membrane and dynamic effects such as aeration loss, saline invasion and backflush loss are the two parametric quantities which affects the public presentation of MBR engineering. The betterments about stuff features, lasting fouling, cost and membrane cleansing procedure should be done for this procedure. The mean one-year gr owing rate 10.9 % is estimated for the planetary MBR market. ( 19 ) Reverse osmosis ( RO ) is a liquid membrane method which removes dissolved stuffs. The combination of MBR and RO is extremely efficient which provides 67 % H2O recycling at the lowest cost. ( 20 ) Desalination is a method that separates the salt from H2O. The oldest procedure to take salt from H2O is boiling. Thermal distillment method and natural the hydrologic rhythm work same manner and in the early 1900s, membrane system was developed. There are three types of thermic methods viz. ; multi-stage flash distillment, multi-effect distillment and vapour compaction distillment. ( 21 ) The advantages of desalinization by distillment are low operating and care cost, minimum environmental consequence and the extremely purified H2O production, the disadvantages are high degree cognition and big capacity workss. ( 22 ) Electrodialysis, Electrodialysis reversal and change by reversal osmosis are the three chief membrane procedures for desalinization. ( 21 ) Simple systematic construction, taking organic and inorganic contaminations and high production/capacity ratio are the advantages on the other manus the necessity of pre-treatment measure, the trouble of cleaning membrane and decre asing in flow rate are the drawbacks of membrane procedures. ( 22 ) Entire figure of desalinization works is about 1400 ( 80 % Membrane desalinization, 20 % Thermal desalinization ) . Rearward osmosis desalinization procedure includes four parts ; pre-treatment, hard-hitting pumps, membrane systems and post-treatment. ( 21 ) Hybrid desalinization method can be defined as the comparing of thermic and membrane desalinization procedure which generates power. The advantages of this procedure are utilizing less energy, low cost of building and high works efficiency. Nowadays the RO and simple intercrossed multistage flash constellation are really popular. The advantages of incorporate systems are good thermic efficiency and high quality purified H2O. ( 23 ) The Low-cost Desalination Collaboration procedure is freshly design of rearward osmosis procedure which demonstrates the H2O with a good design. ( 21 ) Carbon nanotubes have the specific electrical, chemical and mechanical characteris tics. In the hereafter, nanotubes will let us to desalt cheaply but there are some challenges, we have to confront about this method like capital cost and hard mechanism. Carbon nanotubes, Biomimetic membranes and forward osmosis are following coevals systems for desalinization. ( 8-21 ) In this subdivision of the article the figure about contrary osmosis and activate desalinization ( figure 5 ) makes apprehensible the procedures. The information in the book related to entropy and energy computation is the high-ranking information about the topic. This article contains extended cognition about the H2O intervention systems. Writers clearly conclude solutions of H2O intervention systems. I have some cognition about H2O purification before fixing this study but while composing I learned tonss of information about new H2O intervention techniques from article and mentions. This research was made in 2008, it is a technological topic because of this when research is carried out is really of import. Some current H2O intervention techniques need intensive energy and chemicals. We should better the non lone H2O intervention systems but besides monitoring, mensurating, patterning and direction systems to present safe and clean H2O to everybody. As a consequence, we need new, sustainable, environmental and cheap purification methods. Science and engineering for H2O purification in the coming decennaries by M.A. Shannon, P.W. Bohn, M. Elimelech, J.G. Giorgiadis, B.J. Marinas, A.M. Hayes, Nature 452 ( 2008 ) 301-310 & A ; Atilde ;  ¶

Amelie essays

Amelie essays Follow the Blue Arrows: Looking Closely at One Part of Amlies Spectrum The color blue is used symbolically in the visual design of Amlie to represent happiness. Watching Amlie to gather info on the visual design of the film lends itself to the realization that to write a paper on the overall visual design of the film would take dozens of viewings and a book worth of analysis. With that in mind, the focus of this analysis is on a repeated visual design theme: the timely, strategic, and meaningful placement of blue lighting and blue objects to augment and represent the themes of the story, specifically, the theme of happiness. The main set colors in Amlie are green red and yellow. Volumes could be written about the set design, color, and decoration, and how it illustrates each characters personality, but as stated earlier the focus is the importance of the use of the color blue in the set, the props, characters clothing, and lighting. Compared to the reds and greens blue is relatively rare, but very easily noticeable throughout the movie. While it is possible that blue objects coincidently appear at important times, and rarely anywhere else, knowing Jean-Pierre Jeunets reputation as a highly visual (see The City of Lost Children), fastidious (this was the first movie Jean-Pierre Jeunet shot on location and, due to the lack of control, it will likely be the last), and preparatory (shots, angles, lenses, and camera movements were decided days in advance on storyboards) director, the chance of coincidence becomes slim. The color blue represents the main characters Amlie and Nico search for happiness and the things that make them happy. When Amlie sees Nico after spending the night in a photo booth and we see Amlies feelings for Nico, there is a large blue backlit poster on the wall behind him. When Nico runs off to ch...

UFO essays

UFO essays Since childhood most people are attracted by the mystery enclosed by the universe. The bright stars, are they only shining lights? The planets, are they only colored circles? Indeed, the unreachable areas have always fascinated us. The ignorance of what our cosmos truly contains represents a sort of failure for humans s intelligence. Through their excerpt entitled Cosmic Loneliness(1991), Goldsmith and Owen debate the eventual existence of an intelligent life in the universe. Over this extract these authors combine diverse theories with the evolution of peoples thoughts to show how the majority of human beings ask themselves about their real history and about the actuality of other species. As Goldsmith and Owen, I think that peoples captivation towards UFO s (unidentified flying objects) is due to their feeling of loneliness in such a large space. According to Goldsmith and Owen, during a log time people were convinced by the idea that a divine power is leading he natural functioning of the world, and that this deific supremacy has the responsibility of the human being s operations. However, over the years people changed their mind and felt concerned by their destiny and their environment. This modification in peoples mentalities has increased our sense of pride, which means that humans clearly understood their actions weightiness on Earth. I believe that for Mankind, this innovative vision of the world created a feeling of isolation and solitude, this new reflection was called Cosmic Loneliness. Therefore people began to be engrossed by the extraterrestrials being. Besides, I am persuaded by the fact that as people feel alone, it makes them invent stories just in order to make their life more exiting. Indeed people who pretend having experiences with UFO s are general ...

Review of the movie The Graduate essays

Review of the movie The Graduate essays I watched post-pool scene and thought the splicing of Ben and Mrs. Robinsons sex escapade was incredible. It not only showed how Ben was living his life throughout the last couple of days (leisure in the day and sex at night) but it also revealed Bens thoughts. I also thought the scene when his mother walked into the bathroom and it was steamy was a cool effect, symbolizing Bens new life via Mrs. Robinson. I stopped watching the movie after that scene but I am sure Ben goes on to change into a man instead of a sheltered child under his parents. Pre-pool scene did a good job of establishing how Bens life was before Mrs. Robinson. The captains voice on the airplane was monotone, the conveyor symbolized his life (tedious), and his parents were blocking Ben from being free. The clown picture and his room revealed how Ben was still just a kid because of how his parents treated him, and how he let them treat him. Finally, Mrs. Robinson was constantly draped in animal clothing fur coat, lion clothes, and leopard underwear to show how she was wild and uninhibited. The party scene revealed to the audience Bens friends, aka his parents associates, and how he disliked everything about his surroundings. He is constantly ignoring people and frequently uninterested with everyone, until Mrs. Robinson. I am not sure what the absolute symbolism of Mrs. Robinson is, but I am sure its significant. ...

Should the Constitution be amended to regulate the proportion of Research Paper

Should the Constitution be amended to regulate the proportion of representatives so that each would represent no more than 50,00 - Research Paper Example The Equal Protection clause in the U.S constitution requires that the House of Representatives apportionment scheme be based on population to ensure that the right of every citizen to equal representation and to have their votes weighed equally with those of all other citizens is enforced. (Anzalone, 2002) Limiting the maximum number of citizens a representative can represent can highly increase the effectiveness if equal and active representation. The individual citizen’s ability to exercise an effective voice is the only instrument of state government that exemplifies direct representation (Anzalone, 2002) The founding fathers of the United States of America intended that the population of each congressional district should not exceed 50,000 to uphold the spirit of equal representation. Today, the average population of a congressional district in USA is 700,000 people which is a very big number compared to the initial intended figure. The increase of congressional representa tion with the increase in population would ensure that the congressional districts would be equal across the nation as opposed to the situation today where some congressional districts have almost double the population of others to uphold the spirit of equality in representation. Smaller districts would enhance representation of the constituents in law making and voting of bills. It would also enhance monitoring and management of the constituents by their representatives. The legislators end up being less active on conditions that lead to individuals to rely on cognitive shortcuts of the complexity of the congressional district. Thus the amendment to expand the number of representatives should be passed to reduce the size of each congressional (Miler, 2010). The enactment of this amendment would also make campaigning more easy and less expensive since campaigning in a 50,000 people district is easier than campaigning in a 700,000 people district. The enormous districts are also enab ling re-election of representatives even if they are under performers and disadvantaging the minority groups in the current system. The enactment of this limit would ensure that the diversity of the American people is well represented in the House of Representatives. This would also have a positive implication in the reflection offered by the college vote that elects the president and the vice president. Most of the legislators and their staff are committed to representing their constituents but representing several thousand people is not easy. Due to the large number of population they are representing, they may fail to perfectly represent their constituents not because they are corrupt or privilege some constituents but because of the workload that they have (Miler, 2010). Increasing the number of representatives would thus allow full representation without favour’s in the constituents. On the other hand, if the law is amended so that each representative can represent not m ore than 50,000 constituents, the number of representatives would increase enormously. This would increase estimate to a staggering 6000 representatives. There was of course valid reasons why congress limited the number of representatives to 435 in an amendment in 1911. There were fears that with the growth of the

Moral and economic category in capitalism Essay

Moral and economic category in capitalism - Essay Example If the gap between poor and rich is growing, it threatens the dominance by demonstrating its negative moments such as, for example, too much materialism. However, if to take into account the fact that capitalism is the most popular political system in the world, it is not at risk to be destroyed as any system has its negative sides. â€Å"But since no ideological alternatives currently exist — and even less, political parties or groups to implement them — the hegemony of capitalism looks pretty unassailable. Of course, nothing guarantees that it would look like that to our children or grandchildren, for new ideologies can be invented. But this is how it looks to a reasonable observer today† (Milanovic).The second question is difficult to answer as the combination of capitalism and democracy was not popular throughout history. Capitalism and democracy were usually separate. In the modern society there is also a tendency to separate capitalism and democracy and thi s is caused by inequality. â€Å"Thus, it does not take huge leaps of imagination to see that capitalism and democracy can be decoupled. And inequality can play an important role in that. It already does so by politically empowering the rich to a much greater extent than the middle class and the poor† (Milanovic). Actually, capitalism prescribes preserving the interests of the elite, than the interests of the middle-class. Such a tendency can be met in all the countries with capitalist regime. The answer for third question is positive as Europe has its own problems. First, there are certain difficulties connected with globalization. Globalization also increases inequality as wealthy people still benefits from it more than middle class and poor. Moreover, globalization is connected with migration. Migration represents problem for any country as brings such problems as racial intolerance and cultural differences, which prevent state from the development. â€Å"Both the propert y-rich and the highly skilled gain because their financial and human capital is more mobile and cannot be easily taxed unless one wants them to flee the country. Low taxation in turn increases inequality between the rich and the poor because it undercuts the funding sources on which the modern European welfare state was built† (Milanovic). Niall Ferguson is a historian the views of whom are rather controversial. â€Å"There are two common assumptions about Ferguson. One is that his newspaper columns and telegenic

A critical analysis of Uk Teaching standard 2 Essay - 1

A critical analysis of Uk Teaching standard 2 - Essay Example This means that the teacher needs to be aware of the capabilities of the pupils and their prior knowledge (McBer, 2012). From this, the teacher then builds a teaching plan to incorporate these capabilities and prior knowledge of the pupils. The teacher also has to guide his or her pupils on the progress made and focus on the needs that emerge, in the long run. This will enable the teachers to demonstrate knowledge and the overall understanding of the learning of these pupils and how it impacts on teaching. The teacher will also be in a position to take responsibility and a conscientious attitude towards their own work and their study. This mode of teaching is strengthened by the constructivist theory of learning. The theory indicates that learning starts with issues that revolve around the students trying to construct meaning. Thus, for the teacher to teach well, they have to understand mental models for the students to use to perceive the world and all the assumptions to support such models (Coe, 2014). Thus, students have to construct their own meaning not just memorising the correct answers. The teachers also have to demonstrate a good knowledge and understanding of the subject and the curriculum. The teachers have to exercise knowledge of relevant subjects and areas of the curriculum and foster and maintain the interest of the pupils on the subject and take care of their misunderstandings. The teachers should demonstrate a critical understanding of the developments in their subject and the areas of the curriculum that will be important in enabling a better understanding for the pupils (Trainees, 2012). It is important for the teachers to understand relevant concepts in the curriculum that will be beneficial for the oval understanding and knowledge of the pupils. The teachers must develop high level of literacy for the pupils and articulacy in addition to using correct Standard

The Nature of the Fraud and the Impact to the Company Assignment

The Nature of the Fraud and the Impact to the Company - Assignment Example Enron was a very prosperous and prominent firm that was an American energy company established in Houston, Texas. Enron was formed in 1985 by Kenneth Lay after he had acquired two other gas companies in his quest to become a conglomerate in the American history. Nonetheless, after Enron’s biggest scandal, shareholders lost around $11 billion as the company continued on the downward spiral. Enron finally filed for bankruptcy at its $63.4 billion in assets were completely diluted. Many of the stockholders got measly pennies back for the huge investments they had in the company. Enron was charged with â€Å"cooking the books† along with their associates Arthur-Anderson. In essence, the company was running a Ponzi scheme. A Ponzi scheme is a strategy used by creditors to attract new investors in the company and utilize their funds to pay off old debts. Enron’s financial statements did not comply with the operations and finances of the shareholders and analysts (2002) . The Enron Scandal and the Neglect of Management Integrity Capacity http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:gxCBEAYU1csJ:scholar.goo). Moreover, the Enron management continued to implement unethical practices as they would modify the balance sheet in order to favor the revenue goals that the corporation wanted to achieve (2010). "Non-Media" Jury Prejudice and Rule 21(a). http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_7725/is_201010/ai_n57243330/) The continuous spiral of modifying the financial statements became a continuous habit and the lead cause of the downfall of the company. Undoubtedly, managers in corporate America have to protect the interests of the corporate executives along with the goals of the stakeholders. The management clearly neglected responsibility for overseeing the unethical practices that were plaguing the corporation. The Enron scandal continued to grow worse every year as it became a problem that was out of control (2010). "Non-Media" Jury Prejudice and Rule 21(a). http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_7725/is_201010/ai_n57243330/). The primary motivation for Enron was to keep their gross income high along with cash flow while diminishing their liabilities and long-term debts. The moral and legal framework that has been embedded in S The dynamic culture environment of Enron was clearly based on a money-making scheme. Corporate employees were under constant pressure to reach their revenue goals that the firm came up with. In essence, Enron’s corporate culture can be best depicted through aggressive growth, risk-taking, profit planning and commercial innovations. Although some may deem this as positive values, one cannot diminish the fact that a corporation must acknowledge and mitigate the risks (2006). Four Years After Enron. http://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?a=585). Since these values were not balanced and were never embedded in the principles of corporate integrity, the goal to reap high revenue beca me the core culture value for the organization.  

Types of Belts and Pulleys Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Types of Belts and Pulleys - Research Paper Example These belts are categorized into industrial (narrow, conventional, light-duty and double V cross section), automotive and agricultural. V belts have reinforcing cords in the belt that provide load-carrying capacity. This reinforcement is made of nylon, steel, rayon or glass fibers embedded in a cushion section (soft rubber material). The cushion section is externally covered with tough rubber and the interior is covered with a material that is resistant to abrasion. As the belt bends around the pulley, the length of its pitch line remains the same. The pitch diameter if the pulley is determined using the pitch line (Jadon & Verma, 2010). Flat belts:These types of belts are normally used in applications where high speeds are required or long center distances are involved. Flat belts are more efficient at high speeds compared to low speeds since they tend to slip under load. They are also used where drives which have nonparallel shafts are necessary as they allow twisting to contain th e relationship of the shafts. Positive drive belts:These belts have a notched underside that establishes contact with a pulley with similar design on the circumference. The belts have similar benefits to chain and gear drives because of their positive contact with the pulley. Positive drive belts are appropriate in operations where high efficiency, constant velocity of timing is required. They can also be used to reduce the size of the pulley and provide the same operating performance as large sized V-belt pulleys (Jadon & Verma, 2010).... Pulleys Pulleys are components that are used for power transmission in machines by mounting them on shafts over which belts run. These components are generally made of iron, steel plates or by welded construction. Pulleys may be of a split type or a single piece depending on the application. The types of pulleys can be categorized based on the belts used with the pulley into: a. Flat belt pulleys: These pulleys are of varying shapes and sizes, designed to fit the functional requirements. The main types of pulleys used with flat belts include: Armed Pulley The boss, spokes/arms and rim are the main parts of a pulley. The arms of the pulley are either curved or straight while the cross section is the shape of an ellipse. The rims of these pulleys have a slight convexity to prevent the belt from axial slipping during operation. Pulley with a Web The boss and rim of a pulley are connected with a web in the form of a disk when the diameter of the pulley is very small. Holes are made in th e web to make the pulley lighter. Cone Pulleys These types of pulley are mounted on the driver and driven shafts facing opposite sides to offer varying speed ratios between the two and maintain the speed of the driver shaft at a constant. The steps in the two pulleys have a diameter designed such that one belt can operate on the surface of any pair of steps. This type of pulley is used in drilling machines and lathes. Fast and Loose Pulleys In applications that involve a number of machines operated from one source of power, each machine has a fast and loose pulley configuration. Using this arrangement, any machine can be stopped or started independently while the shaft runs. Using a keyed joint, the fast pulley is mounted on the shaft

The Nature of the Fraud and the Impact to the Company Assignment

The Nature of the Fraud and the Impact to the Company - Assignment Example Enron was a very prosperous and prominent firm that was an American energy company established in Houston, Texas. Enron was formed in 1985 by Kenneth Lay after he had acquired two other gas companies in his quest to become a conglomerate in the American history. Nonetheless, after Enron’s biggest scandal, shareholders lost around $11 billion as the company continued on the downward spiral. Enron finally filed for bankruptcy at its $63.4 billion in assets were completely diluted. Many of the stockholders got measly pennies back for the huge investments they had in the company. Enron was charged with â€Å"cooking the books† along with their associates Arthur-Anderson. In essence, the company was running a Ponzi scheme. A Ponzi scheme is a strategy used by creditors to attract new investors in the company and utilize their funds to pay off old debts. Enron’s financial statements did not comply with the operations and finances of the shareholders and analysts (2002) . The Enron Scandal and the Neglect of Management Integrity Capacity http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:gxCBEAYU1csJ:scholar.goo). Moreover, the Enron management continued to implement unethical practices as they would modify the balance sheet in order to favor the revenue goals that the corporation wanted to achieve (2010). "Non-Media" Jury Prejudice and Rule 21(a). http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_7725/is_201010/ai_n57243330/) The continuous spiral of modifying the financial statements became a continuous habit and the lead cause of the downfall of the company. Undoubtedly, managers in corporate America have to protect the interests of the corporate executives along with the goals of the stakeholders. The management clearly neglected responsibility for overseeing the unethical practices that were plaguing the corporation. The Enron scandal continued to grow worse every year as it became a problem that was out of control (2010). "Non-Media" Jury Prejudice and Rule 21(a). http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_7725/is_201010/ai_n57243330/). The primary motivation for Enron was to keep their gross income high along with cash flow while diminishing their liabilities and long-term debts. The moral and legal framework that has been embedded in S The dynamic culture environment of Enron was clearly based on a money-making scheme. Corporate employees were under constant pressure to reach their revenue goals that the firm came up with. In essence, Enron’s corporate culture can be best depicted through aggressive growth, risk-taking, profit planning and commercial innovations. Although some may deem this as positive values, one cannot diminish the fact that a corporation must acknowledge and mitigate the risks (2006). Four Years After Enron. http://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?a=585). Since these values were not balanced and were never embedded in the principles of corporate integrity, the goal to reap high revenue beca me the core culture value for the organization.  

Marketing Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Assignment - Essay Example Successful differentiation gives the firm a competitive advantage as customers will look at the products as superior and unique and can be achieved in various ways. This paper will first detail eight ways to differentiate product offerings, and then concentrate on packaging the product in a more creative manner and incorporating new functional features into the product or product innovation. Strategies for Product Differentiation One way to differentiate products is via product innovation by adding functions or features into a product and commanding a higher price (Trout & Rivkin, 2012: p 34). These features can be added through acquiring or licensing complementary feature sets or by using the firm’s in-house team for product development. Another way to differentiating products is through packaging. At times, all it takes to differentiate or re-energize a product is via changing the packaging. This was very effective when it was used in collaboration with another product and d elivered in an innovative manner. While this method does not have enough value to change a consumer’s life, the manner of packaging offers more convenience allowing them to charge more (Trout & Rivkin, 2012: p 45). A firm could also pursue other market niches in areas that are unsophisticated (Trout & Rivkin, 2012: p 67). ... Yet another product differentiation strategy is via the generation of referrals. A firm, in this case, helps to cultivate referrals and create sales models around the type of selling that are consultative while being less confrontational (Trout & Rivkin, 2012: p 76). In a competitive market, prospects referred by happy customers will be inclined to buy products. This can be achieved by offering incentives to current customers in the hope they will send referrals. Other firms will offer increased service as a means of product differentiation. They combine superior service with a commodity product that helps to differentiate this commodity. Through re-defining their service, the firm, redefines the playing field and offers a home-court advantage since other competitors do not use this combination while they charge a premium for the product. Another strategy is via figuring out what they can guarantee. Since the firm has to deliver on expectations from the client or refund them, they wi ll offer an upfront guarantee (Trout & Rivkin, 2012: p 87). A firm could guarantee their clients that their prices are the best, and offer to refund their money if they find cheaper items of the same quality elsewhere. Since the customer has not time to compare prices, they will buy this product because the price is guaranteed to be the lowest. Firms could also collaborate with complementary service or product providers when their product does not stand by itself as a unique offering. Both entities benefit from this arrangement, for instance, the HBO’s partnerships with motels to show their movies allows HBO to have exclusive viewership in these motels while the motels benefit from showing exclusive movies. Finally, a firm could also employ their hidden assets as a

Halleys Comet arrives Essay Example for Free

Halleys Comet arrives Essay The poem begins with Good evening, little visitor, in this first line two things are brought to our attention. First, Good evening is a very formal greeting, it implies a great deal of respect and shows us the poets opinion of the comet as a thing that should be revered and appreciated. Second, the words little visitor present a slightly different opinion of the comet, one of smallness and insignificance, in fact, its almost diminishing, but still retaining the same fondness we found in the first half of the line. These contrasting ideas of importance and insignificance are maintained throughout the remainder of the poem. Still very near the beginning of the poem another significant line can be found: But whod have thought youd be so shy, the significance of this line lies partly in the beginning But whod have thought this establishes the idea that the shyness is unexpected, the world was expecting a fantastic display but have yet to see it. Also with the introduction of contracted words whod and yould which are the beginning of a far less formal and more relaxed style of writing. The informality is associated with the theme of insignificance, almost as if the comet, being nothing more than, a dirty undense snowball is not deserving of such respect. Also, the subject of shyness, also an important theme, is first brought to light in this line. Furthermore, here it becomes noticeable that the poem is divided into a few distinguishable parts the first of which is Abrahams physical description of the comet in the sky. Continuing from the theme of modesty and the comets description is a statement of the worlds presumption of the comets behaviour; that it would streak through, flashing that famous double tail, / autographing the prophetic sky. These actions are not dissimilar to the behaviour you would expect from a celebrity, because to the people of the world the comet is a celebrity, it has been on the news, theyve heard of its awesome mysteries and, above all, they have been expecting its return for years. However, this is not what they actually discover. Instead, they find it has done an elusive Garbo act the use of Garbo is strikingly apt as she was an incredibly famous and beautiful actress who was widely known and held in great regard by most of the world at the time, but she also shunned the spotlight and the attention she gained from her career, she rarely made public appearances and therefore developed a great air of mystery, rather like Halleys Comet. Equally, the use of prophetic is meaningful as the notion of prophecy becomes very important it the latter parts of the poem. The second section of the poem deals with the effect of modern science on the comet. It returns to notion of shyness, and, more specifically, the reason for it. The reason being that people know too much, that modern technology and science have stripped the comet of its ancient awesome mysteries and revealed that it is, in fact, nothing more than a dirty undense snowball () that only shines because the sun / lends it a bit of common light during this phrase Halleys Comet is no-longer personified, it is no-longer directly addressed as you but, instead, is referred to as it, this implies that that the poet is paraphrasing somebody elses opinion of the comet and, while these facts are true, they do not, in Abrahams opinion, retract from the importance he gives the comet in the opening line, he feels that these revelations combined with the comets new subtlety, as it hides among our city lights, only serve to make it more moving. This transition between the worlds opinion of the comet and Abrahams opinion of the comet is marked by the line I like it, in a way. What is also significant about this line is that it marks a definitive change in the style of writing Abrahams is now using very informal language which not only serves to re-engage the reader but also allows for a clear division between his own point of view and the rest of the worlds. Essentially, Abrahams is saying that the comet has lost its majesty due to our technological advancements, such as the city lights which make the comet seem inconspicuous. However, this leaves the reader curious as Abrahams has not explained why this makes the comet important. During the next part of the poem Abrahams discusses how he believes the comets journey to be one that requires a heroic effort, how it is only barely making its orbit by the skin of its momentum. We should applaud like mad he writes that you make it again on time. This sentence reiterates that the comet is barely managing to arrive at Earth, and as the poet believes we should be applauding the comet for this achievement shows that, in his opinion, the fact that the comet returns is incredible when the vast distances it crosses on its long, lonely orbit are taken into account. Youve shed the scary Nostradamus mask says Abrahams, meaning that through our scientific discoveries the comet is no-longer a symbol of anything as it used to be, can no-longer move the likes of the old Wise Men, King Harold and Mark Twain as we do not believe it to be prophetic anymore. Instead, he likens the comet to some private rare Aunt Maud, the generic distant relative that nobody really knows but will occaisionally drop by merely to show herself and check our face. The casual dropping by in this sentence continues the theme of insignificance surrounding the comet, that its visits are no more important than those of a friend we see every day. This idea is re-enforced in the line No more fortune-teller, dearest Aunt, though the word dearest shows that this guise of the comet is far more friendly than scary Nostradamus. However the use of the word private is also noteworthy, it demonstrates that while the comet is not important to the world at large it is still important on a personal level, this is the clear message of the poem, because as Aunt Maud arrives she gives she gives us her gift, allowing that we achieve a stroke of prophecy. Meaning that the comet is prophetic of itself returning and it is one of the few things that we can predict. Continuing with this idea he closes the poem by saying We thank you, little comforter: / that the dark potent emptiness ahead / contains one probable smear of light firstly, in this sentence Abrahams returns to the use of we showing that he speaks for the entire globe as he says this giving a lot of weight to the next lines of the poem. Secondly, use of little comforter mirrors the little visitor at the beginning of the poem, drawing more attention to these lines but also mirroring the feeling on fondness that we saw at the beginning of the poem. The comet is not seen as a foreteller of great events as it used to be. It has shed its scary Nostradamus mask and is not prophetic of human events anymore, but it is prophetic of its own return and in doing so fulfils its own prophecy, an this is the important message of the poem; that despite all we have done to damage the comets image, it is, perhaps, more important than ever as because of our advances in technology we cannot possibly conceive what the world will be like the next time Halleys Comet arrives, but the one thing we can be sure of is that it will.

Accounting System in QuickBooks for a Hospital

Accounting System in QuickBooks for a Hospital Introduction: Once the accounting system is installed in the hospital then the hospital records would be kept electronically. All the manual work would be shifted in the computer through the operators. This would lead to many benefits for the organization. First of all the cost of the hospital would be decreased and the time wold be saved for the staff. All the information for the medicines would be kept in the electronic form and it would be convenient for the operators to locate those easily. It will help in maintaining following works of the hospital. Services Management This module will deal with administrations gave by the healing center. Rate of administrations is charged by standards of clinic . It will think about board , Night Charges , Emergency charges , Age of patient and different parameters while ascertaining the rate of administrations for a specific patient. Patient Management Each patient treated in healing center will be given novel Patient ID which is helpful in following visits of patients. All patients information is advantageous for MRD purposes. OPD Management OPD Registration When a patient goes to the gathering work area, another enrollment number is naturally Allotted to him. His particular points of interest like Name, Age, Sex, Address and so forth and the administrations sought are feeded into the product. OPD Billing / Collection Billing of all OPD patients with complete subtle elements of Patient Information, Services gave like Consultation, Laboratory, X-beam, Ultrasound, Medicines, Procedures and so forth alongside Payment points of interest. Discharge Summary After the release of patient release synopsis could be consequently produced with simply few press of keys. Lab information can naturally be foreign. Distinguishing offering clever standard arrangement could be set. Laboratory Management As the test is busy at gathering solicitation is consequently send to research center. Lab can sustain the consequence later and prints alluring reports. Security Management Part base security will be give to client. Customer server building design will be accompanied. Pharmacy Management Complete drug store shop could be overseen through this module. Moreover it could be connected to fundamental charging. As patient gathers pharmaceuticals from drug store shop their charges will consequently exchange to patient charging. Payroll HRD Management Complete pay might be registered through this module. This module might be connected through Time machines additionally. All fundamental organizations might be created through this module. Accounts Management All buy , expenditures ,installments could be feeded in this module. Receipts might be specifically foreign made from OPD and IPD division. Accounting Information Systems Quickbooks is accounting programming that gives a simple and effective approach to gather and abridge accounting data. Furthermore, Quickbooks makes numerous distinctive reports that are functional when dealing with a business. The target of an accounting framework is to gather, condense, and convey data to leaders. Accounting data is utilized to: prepare tax returns to send to the IRS and state tax organizations. prepare financial statements for banks and gurus. prepare reports for chiefs and holders to utilize when settling on choices about the business. Such choices incorporate: Are our clients paying their bills on time? Which of our items are the most beneficial? Will we have enough money to pay our bills one month fro Transactions An accounting framework gathers data about transactions. As an organization behaviors business, it enters into transactions (or trades) with different gatherings, for example, clients, merchants, and representatives. Case in point, when a business offers an item to a client, there are two parts to the transaction: the business gives an item or administration to the client. in trade, the business gains money (or a guarantee to pay later) from the client. Double-entry accounting Double-entry accounting is utilized to record the two parts to a transaction: (1) the measure appropriated is a debit, and (2) the sum given is a credit. Each entry must equalization; debits must equivalent credits. Double-entry accounting has been utilized for over 500 years. In Italy in the year 1494, Luca Pacioli, a Franciscan minister, and Leonardo da Vinci teamed up on an arithmetic book that depicted double-entry accounting. The double-entry system was utilized by the shippers of Venice to record what was given and appropriated when exchanging. In a manual accounting system, accountants make debit and credit entries in a journal using paper and pencil. When using QuickBooks for your accounting system, you can enter accounting information in two different ways: (1) onscreen journal, and (2) onscreen forms. 1. Onscreen Journal. You can make debit and credit entries in an onscreen journal shown below. Instead of using the onscreen journal, you can use onscreen forms to enter information in QuickBooks. 2. Onscreen forms. One can enter data about transactions utilizing onscreen structures, for example, those appeared. Quickbooks naturally changes over data entered in onscreen structures into double-entry accounting entrances with debits and credits. Quickbooks administers a rundown of diary sections for all the transactions entered if entered utilizing the onscreen diary or onscreen structure Creating an Accounting System in QuickBooks Steps to create an accounting system using QuickBooks are: Set up a new company data file. Quickbooks utilizes an easy step Interview that gets some information about your business. Quickbooks then consequently makes an organization information index for your business. In Part I of this content, Exploring Quickbooks, you will utilize a specimen organization information document that has as of recently been made for you. In Part II, you will set up another organization utilizing the Easystep Interview. Create a Chart of Accounts. A chart of accounts is a rundown of every last one of records for an organization. Accounts are utilized to sort and track accounting data. Case in point, a business needs one record for Cash, an alternate record to track measures clients owe (Accounts Receivable), but then an alternate record to track stock. Quickbooks consequently makes a diagram of records in the Easystep Interview. Quickbooks licenses you to adjust the diagram of records later, in the wake of finishing the Easystep Interview. Create Lists. Quickbooks utilization records to record and arrange data about: customers vendors items (things sold and things acquired, for example, stock) employees other, (for example owners) Enter transactions. Enter data about transactions into Quickbooks utilizing the onscreen diary or onscreen structures, (for example, onscreen receipts and onscreen checks). Prepare reports. Reports outline and convey data around an organizations fiscal position and business operations. Monetary explanations are institutionalized money related reports provided for outer clients (brokers and moguls). Budgetary explanations abridge data about past transactions. The essential monetary proclamations for a business are: Balance sheet: condenses what an organization possesses and owes on a specific date. Profit and loss statement (or income statement): condenses what an organization has earned and the costs acquired to procure the salary. Statement of cash flows: compresses money inflows and money surges for working, contributing, and financing exercises of a business. Other financial reports are made for interior clients (supervisors) to support in deciding. A sample of such a report is a money plan that tasks measures of money that will be gathered and used later on. In Part I: Exploring Quickbooks, you will research Step 2: making a diagram of records; Step 3: making records; Step 4: entering transactions; and Step 5: planning reports. In Part II: Small Business Accounting, you will figure out how to set up another organization in Quickbooks and survey Steps 2 through 5. Advantages Disadvantages of QuickBooks: Regardless of what the way of your business, keeping an exact set of books is crucial. Without faultless business records, it will be challenging to draw in the financing you require in light of the fact that business records are for the most part the first thing potential banks and moguls need to see. Off base or confused business records can likewise make it troublesome to record your taxes, or even land you in heated water with the Internal Revenue Service. Utilizing Quickbooks to keep your business records gives you a chance to maintain a strategic distance from those potential issues. Ease of Use One issue with accounting projects is that a large portion of them are challenging to utilize and lumbering to take in. Quickbooks, then again, is intended to be natural and straightforward, actually for entrepreneurs who fail to offer an accounting or financial foundation. Integration The capacity to incorporate with different projects is an enormous preference of Quickbooks. In the wake of utilizing the item to enter the sum of their business salary and expenditures, entrepreneurs can without much of a stretch fare that information to their most loved tax planning project to make indexing wage taxes at any rate somewhat less tormenting. Quickbooks likewise incorporates well with Microsoft Excel, making it simple to import information from different sources and use it in Quickbooks. Customization Quickbooks gives various prepared to-utilize layouts entrepreneurs can use to make receipts, spreadsheets, outlines and strategies for success. The product additionally makes it simple to alter the look and feel of those records, providing for them to a lesser degree a treat cutter manifestation and bailing them to emerge in the swarm. The capacity to modify receipts could be especially advantageous, and entrepreneurs can include their organization logo as well as point by point data about each one line thing too. That makes it less demanding for clients to accommodate their receipts and pay them on time. Check Signing In the event that you sign a great deal of checks for your business, utilizing Quickbooks can spare you a ton of time. Quickbooks permits entrepreneurs to output and transfer their marks and utilize those marks to set up the checks for the business. This robotized methodology is much more straightforward and simpler than composing several checks by hand every month. Quickbooks, prepared by Intuit, is a prominent line of accounting programming promoted basically to little organizations and non-benefit associations. The product permits clients to deal with a mixed bag of financial records, including deals receipts, installments, tax structures, financial receipts and stock records. Since Quickbooks is so easy to utilize, most assignments might be finished without an in-profundity learning of accounting systems. Notwithstanding the products easy to understand nature, then again, there are various weaknesses customers ought to be mindful of before putting in the project. Lackluster Audit Trail One of the essential worries about Quickbooks is the products review trail. Bookkeepers, and in addition entrepreneurs , like an organizations stream of financial data to be in-profundity and overall archived. While Quickbooks does give a review trail to most data, there are a few circumstances where financial data could be changed without leaving any kind of documentation. Basically, this implies that the product leaves an escape clause that could possibly permit an organizations financial records to be altered. No Fixed-Asset Section Contingent upon how a customer utilizes the product, an alternate potential issue is that Quickbooks doesnt accompany a settled possession area. Intuit, understanding the oversight, now gives a differentiate report to posting an organizations altered possessions. Upgrade Fees Keeping in mind the end goal to stay up with the latest, there are various pricey overhauls that entrepreneurs may need to buy. Commonly, these redesigns are just obliged once a year to get the most up and coming payroll tables and different administrations. Outages Quickbooks Online Edition an administration that permits clients to pay a month to month expense to utilize the product through a protected web program -accompanies its own particular remarkable issues. While the online administration offers fewer characteristics than the desktop form of the product, the most genuine detriment is the historical backdrop of developed blackouts, which have happened in both 2009 and 2010. Bibliography Advantages using quickbooks . (n.d.). Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-using-quickbooks-4933.html Disadvantages of QuickBooks. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/list_7499063_disadvantages-quickbooks.html ERP Solutions for Hospital Management. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.acsonnet.com/hospital.htm

vehicle names :: essays research papers

What Car Names Really Mean   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ACURA -Another Crummy, Useless, Rotten Automobile AMC -All Makes Combined AMC -A Major Cost AMC -A Mutated Car AMC -A Morons Car AMC -Another Major Catastrophe AUDI -Accelerates Under Demonic Influence AUDI -All Unsafe Designs Implemented AUDI -Another Ugly Duetsche Invention AUDI -Always Undermining Deutsche Intelligence AUDI -Automobile Unsafe Designs, Inc. BMW -Babbling Mechanical Wench BMW -Beastly Monstrous Wonder BMW -Beautiful Masterpieces on Wheels BMW -Beautiful Mechanical Wonder BMW -Barely Moving Wreck BMW -Big Money Waste BMW -Big Money. Why? BMW -Big Money Works BMW -Born Moderately Wealthy BMW -Breaks Most Wrenches BMW -Bring Many Wrenches BMW -Brings Me Women BMW -Brings More Women BMW -Broken Money Waster BMW -Broke My Wallet BMW -Broken Monstrous Wonder BMW -Brutal Money Waster BMW -Bumbling Mechanical Wretch BMW -Blasphemous Motorized Wreck BUICK -Big Ugly Import Car Killer BUICK -Big Ugly Imitation Chrome King BUICK -Big Ugly Indestructible Car Killer BUICK -Big Ugly Indestructible Compact Killer BUICK -Big Ugly Indestructible Car Killer CADILLAC -Crazy And Demented Idiots Like Large American Cars CADILLAC -Cars Are Driven In Long Lines And Crashed CHEVROLET -Car Has Extensive Valve Rattle, Or Loud Engine Ticks CHEVROLET -Cracked Heads, Every Valve Rattles, Oil Leaks Every Time CHEVROLET -Can Hear Every Valve Rap On Long Extended Trips CHEVROLET -Car Has Extensive Valve Rattle On Long Extended Trips CHEVROLET -Cheap, Hardly Efficient, Virtually Runs On Luck Every Time CHEVROLET -Cheap Heaps Erratically Vibrate Running On Level Even Terrain CHEVROLET -Constantly Having Every Vehicle Recalled Over Lousy Engineering Techniques CHEVROLET -Cracked Heads, Every Valve's Rotten, Oil Leaks Every Time CHEVY -Cheapest Heap Ever Visioned Yet CHEVY -Can Hear Every Valve Yell DODGE -Damn Old Dirty Gas Eater DODGE -Dead Old Dog Going East DODGE -Dead On Day Guarantee Expires DODGE -Dead On Delivery, Go Easy DODGE -Dead On Delivery, Guarantee Expired DODGE -Dead Or Dying Garbage Emitter DODGE -Drips Oil Drops Grease Everywhere DODGE -Driven Only During Grey Evenings EDSEL -Every Day Something Else Leaks FIAT -Failed In A Tunnel FIAT -Fails In Attempted Turns FIAT -Failure In Automotive Technology FIAT -Feeble Italian Attempt at Transportation FIAT -Fits In A Thimble FIAT -Fix It Again Tony FIAT -Flats In All Tires FIAT -Found In A Trench FORD -Fabricated Of Refried Dung FORD -Fails On Rainy Days FORD -Famous Odor Resistant Dog FORD -Falling Off: Rusty Door FORD -Fast Only Rolling Downhill FORD -Fantastically Orgasmic Realistic Dream FORD -Fastest On Road, Dip! FORD -Fatally Obese Redneck Driver FORD -Fault Of R&D FORD -Final Organ of Reproductive Discipline

Essay --

Latin American countries should provide free birth control devices to all its citizens. Giving free birth control devices will cause a cascade effect that will help these countries that are in poverty. Since many of these Latin American countries are in poverty such as Brazil, Colombia and Guatemala it will make these countries have less deaths, crime and drug trafficking. In many of these countries there are huge amounts of drug trafficking and gang violence happening in these same countries that have a huge poverty and high amount of children born. Since many of these children are born with poverty they struggle to eat. Providing birth control devices for the Latin American countries would allow a lesser birth rate in these countries allowing these family to afford a living rather than having to survive whether it be legal or not. Since these countries are not providing birth control devices there is a high birth rate that far exceeds the income that one can provide. However there are many different ways that are birth control such as pills, condoms, etc.; since none of these devi...

Using Fun Activities to Improve Speaking Skill

by : enisa cahya . [email  protected] com Using Fun Activities to Improve speaking skill for senior high school learners There are many definition of speaking. Speaking is one of the skills that have to be mastered by students in learning English. It is important for students to known definition first. Many experts define speaking in different ways. Brown and Yule (1989) stated in their book. The speakers say words to the listener not only to express what in her mind but also to express what he needs whether information service.Most people might spend of  their everyday life in communicating with other. According to Syafrudin (2001) speaking is as active productive skill makes us of oral communication. Finocchiro and Bonomo (2001) stated that speaking as one or more sound make by human being for purposing of  communication. Beside, Chaney in Alfira (1998) says that speaking is the process of building and sharing meaning. So, the student should have capability in telling their i deas about some  problems or some things.The goal of speaking is to improve students ¶ communicative skill. By telling their ideas, the students can improve their speaking ability and increase their confidence. Mc. Donough and shaw (1993) says speaking is the ways to express ideas and opinion, expressing and desire to do something, negotiating or solving a particular problem, and maintaining social relationship and friendship. Long and Richard ( 1982 ) says speaking is a complex set of ability that involve many component, including pronunciations, listening and grammar skill.From the explanation above it can conducted that speaking is very important to communicated with others to take and give information learning language speaking skill should  be taught and practiced in the classroom event in real life situation, in order to an able our  students to communicate effectively and accurately by using component such as vocabulary and  pronunciation, fluency and basic grammati cal pattern. Video is one of the technological aids that use in the classroom nowadays.Video is an extremely use media which incorporates a wide variety at visual element and a great range of  audio experiences in additional to spoken language based on speaking descriptive text. Sane (2009) stated that video is the technology to capture, record, and process, transmit and rearrange the moving picture also video can use for tutorials, videos for learning, and even videos for  entertainment or for documentation of activities. It means in teaching English language we can use video to make students not bored and like to study English language.To improve the students speaking ability, it needs innovation and creation to motivate them while learning speaking skill. Therefore, the teachers need to prepare the material, for example the teacher commands the students to prepare a dialogue based on a video that has been watched. Teaching speaking to the students needs innovation and creatio n to motivate them while learning speaking. One way that can be used by the teacher is by using media especially video. The advantages of teaching speaking by using video are to create enjoy and fun atmosphere in teaching learning process.These media are really useful and helpful for the student. Besides, video are also used to motivate the students in learning English. Teaching by using video is used to give variety in explaining material. Like Stempleski (1987) that said video can be used in a variety of instructional setting such as in classroom and in self study and evaluation situation. Every person will have different to describe same video. It will motivate them to have an opportunity to tell what they see about the video. There are another ways to teach English besides Video, games also appropriate to improve speaking skill for students.There are many reasons a teacher uses games in teaching speaking. Games give students chance to use English orally, it means that students c an  practice and develop their ability to speak English. Games provide fun and relax while remaining very much within the framework of language learning. It is expected for shy or slow learners can be active participants to show their ability and find their confidence in communicating in the foreign language. Games are not just time filling activities in the class, but also have a great educational value. W. R.Lee (in Uberman,2002) holds that most language games make learners use the language instantly without thinking about the correct form of the language itself. So at this phase, the language games can lower students’ anxiety in using the target language, they are also highly motivating and entertaining so that the shy students will get more opportunities to express their opinion and feeling. Further suppport comes from Zdybiewska (as cited in Uberman,2002), she believes that games can be a good way in practicing the target language that being learned by the children, si nce they are able to provide a model of language on what the earners will use in the real life According to Betteridge and Buckby (1990), â€Å"Essentially, in guessing and speculating games, some one knows something and the others must find out what it is. † In addition, Merriem Webster (1986) said that â€Å"Guessing games is game in which the participates compete individually or team in the identification of something indicate obscurely (as in riddles or charades). Based on the definition, it can be conclude that guessing games is a game in which a person or participant knows something and competes individually or in a team to identify or to find out it.There are many concepts of guessing games, which can be applied in teaching speaking. According to Richard – Amato (1988), â€Å"Guessing games can be used to develop or reinforce concept, to add diversion to regular activities, or just to break the ice. However, their must important function is to give practice in communication. † It says that guessing games give students do not feel bored during learning process. Nevertheless, the most important thing is to give the students in practicing their English. Based on the statement above, we can conclude that guessing games give students more chance in formulating question.But we know that language classes are spent answering questions puts forth by the teacher or text book. This idea is also supported by Silver (1980) : â€Å"Language classes are often inadvertently structured so that most of the students speaking time is spent answering questions put forth by teacher or text book: as a result the students often have difficultly in forming own question. So, by using this game students are asked to practice in formulating questions. Here the students can apply their ability in using question – word (WH) question.

Economy versus the Environment Essay

Down to Earth by Ted Steinberg highlights the role of nature in US history. Steinberg provides historical events, from minute detail of migrating birds to monumental breaking up of Pangeae, to support his analysis and for readers to fully grasp the course of American history. He maintains that the continuous interaction between human and nature drives them to evolve. But the truth, of course, is that human has tendencies to disregard nature to achieve their ideal standard of living. Moreover, human’s present consumption puts the life of future generation at risk. Long before the European settlement in the region, America’s natural resources were already being threatened. Native American hunters utilized the world around them according to their needs. These early hunters drove mammoths to extinction, as well as the giant ground sloths and other prehistoric species. Many of them used fire to clear landscape which did served their purpose but harmed other plants and animals. Eventually, however, they became gifted stewards of their environment. Their activities, hunting, gathering and farming, were influenced by the cycles of nature. The early exploration dictated by personal consumption quickly followed by exploitation. Migrants poured in pursuit of gold and silver in the English colonies which was abandoned for intensive harvesting of lucrative crops or the trapping of animals. The slang â€Å"buck† for money in America refers to deer hides called buckskins, being exported for glove making and other forms of leather manufacturing. This economic system persists until the end of the colonial period. By mid-1800s, regions were identified by the kind of cash crops they produced. Tobacco, â€Å"King Cotton,† rice from South Carolina lowlands, timber from the virgin forests of the Great Lakes, Texas cattle and wheat from the Great Plains. The system made the nation wealthy but at a devastating cost to biodiversity. Steinberg pointed out that the major factor that brought the ecological change in America is â€Å"putting a price tag on the natural world. † Cities were expanding, farmers were becoming more specialized in their cash crops and companies were pushing for more profits. Nature was transformed to articles of trade. Lumber companies, for instance, led to much deforestation which led to loss of other plants and habitat of animals. The citizens of the US seemed to have a sense of â€Å"ecological amnesia,† oblivious to the effect on nature of ruthless exploitation despite the mounting evidence. Aside from lumber companies, other businesses and industries abused the natural resources for profit to further degrade the environment. A common man specializing in one type of cash crop had to rely on other farmers to provide for the needs not met by his own produce. Rivers where fish used to spawn were dammed and converted to companies’ energy source. Nature was completely ignored in the interest of commerce and industry. As trade and commercialization intensifies so as reliance of everyone on someone else. Economic activity, both production and consumption, relates to the environment in two ways: the environment provides the raw materials for production, and through the process of production and consumption, we emit wastes into the environment (Worster, 1994). However, human wants are limited while resources are finite. Demand always exceeds supply. So what happens now if we continue to strive to obtain more goods and services from our limited supply of non-renewable resources? Our present and future generations are in peril. Economic theories of trade argue that a country should concentrate on trading and producing goods and services where they have the comparative advantage (Krugman& Obstfeld, 2008). The comparative advantage in production is achieved if the input that was used is abundant in the country. For instance, labor intensive goods should be traded by countries with large population, while countries should concentrate in producing capital intensive goods if they are abundant in capital. This exactly what the early traders did. They traded according to their comparative advantage, maximized their profit and yes, abused the environment to further their gains. The economic thinking that competitiveness as a function of efficiency of labor and capital is outmoded (Epping, 2001). In other parts of the world, industries are starting to factor in the efficient way of using their natural resources. These efficiencies benefit countries, companies and local communities. Japan and Germany use half the energy input of American industry in their products. Energy represents about 10 percent of the cost of production and so they achieve with their efficiency about a five percent comparative advantage in world markets relative to US goods. The idea is to have a sustainable supply of both non-renewable and renewable resources relative to demand, to use the natural resources in a more efficient way to make the goods and services of a country, a company or a community more competitive in the market. We do not want to be the generation that kills everything. References Epping, Randy Charles (2001). A Beginner’s Guide To World Economy. New York: Random House, Inc. Krugman, P. & Obstfeld, M. (2008). International Economics: Theory and Policy. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Steinberg, Ted (2002). Down To Earth (pp. 1-115). New York: Oxford UP. Worster, Donald (1994). Nature’s Economy: The History of Ecological Ideas. United Kingdom: Cambridge UP.